Top Compare and Contrast Essay Topics for College Students Choices

Top Compare and Contrast Essay Topics for College Students Choices The above mentioned compare and contrast essay topics are only a few of the numerous topics you may decide to go over in your essay. Comparative essays are a breeze to write. A number of the essay topics below may appear to contain subjects that don't have anything in common. Academically suitable compare contrast essay topics ought to be stimulating together with attention-grabbing. One other important question is the way to pick the perfect essay topics. You must research the selected topic and discover facts to contradict your primary thesis. You may also choose a single topic at this time and begin practicing. The New Angle On Compare and Contrast Essay Topics for College Students Just Released The job of comparing and contrasting phenomena are sometimes a challenging one. Simply create two overlapping circles, one for each one of the topics which you are comparing. You could also on similarities initially, then differences. Comparing and contrasting means that you might have to to outline both the similarities and differences between both objects. For instance, you might think of similarities or differences if we are purchasing a new MP3 player or selecting a place to study English. To begin with, you must locate a basis of comparison to be sure the 2 things have enough in common. So now you understand how to select the best compare and contrast topics and the various segments which you need to address when writing. Or, if you're examining an individual, such as, for instance, a president, decide on another president for comparison or contrast. The Bad Secret of Compare and Contrast Essay Topics for College Students If you are prepared to set your purchase, our crew of professional writers is prepared to aid you. As an example, when it concerns different cultures in the planet, your task isn't to define the very best culture, yet to demonstrate the way you can celebrate diversity between nations. Obviously, writing is among the top learning programs in any significant school institution. Students who excel in writing a bout such complex topic could have an opportunity to be enrolled into a number of the very best Art universities to come up with their abilities and talent. Students may typically understand the structure with only a short quantity of instruction. They will find some good points and ideas necessary for the development of a good school or college comparative essay. They use themes offered by parents and family members. College students are our very first category. Discuss famous men and women who have an influence on the life of humanity. The most significant thing is to choose one which you can work on with plenty of ease. In general, the hardest thing is to select a topic. The sole thing you've got to remember about picking the topic is it has to interest you. What to Do About Compare and Contrast Essay Topics for College Students If you don't have a precise plan and you're not organized during the growth of the paper, you will receive so confused your mind will be totally blocked. You don't necessarily have to analyze the life span of people from the exact same region or field of activity. You have to present your topic, ob viously, and also your thesis statement that has the function of indicating to your readers what is the probable path of the whole work. Finding the perfect topic isn't the hardest job in the planet, all you need to do is to take a few factors into account. A proposal essay is extremely easy to comprehend. You are able to restate your thesis statement and point out a number of the arguments used over the whole essay that backs it up. A Thesis statement has become the most important portion of the essay. In case the topic isn't relevant enough, you have a really compact opportunity to compose a remarkable paper. Your topic must be relevant to be able to serve the objective of your essay. It's possible to use any as the subject of your essay particularly when you're not assigned any specific theme.

The Homeland Security Act Of 2002 - 1815 Words

Introduction Since the creation of the Homeland Security Act in 2002 after the 9/11, attack the department has come across challenges and criticism from the government and private sectors alone. Since the Homeland Security Act of 2002 it has been amended in carrying out the effects of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007. The activity report has shown it provides a strong well-rounded and strategic foundation of the highest priorities in which it ensures the department will invest and operate in a producing unified fashion to make decisions that will strengthen the department unity of effort. Moreover, the department will continue to give support to the five basic homeland security missions and continue to support missions set forth in the first Quadrennial Homeland Security Review report on 2010 (dhs. 2014 p. 5). Prevent Terrorism and Enhance Security Homeland security is the cornerstone of protecting the United States from terrorism. The United States has come two ways of providing significant progress of securing the nation from terrorism since the 9/11, attacks (dhs 2012-2016 p. 3). However, there is a terrorist threat that has evolved from the last ten years, continues to develop and change. With the founding creation principle of protecting the American people from terrorists and other threats DHS and many of its partners, internationally, and across the federal, private sectors and communities have strengthened the homeland security operation to reduce and defendShow MoreRelatedThe Homeland Security Act Of 20021562 Words   |  7 PagesThe Homeland security act of 2002, was a major reconstruction of civil services in the United States of America, which had not happened since the passing of the Civil Service Reform act of 1978 (Brook King, 2007). Over the period of 24 years, minor m odifications of civil service reform were established. The events that took place during the September 11 terrorist attacks would once more restructure the United States civil services. George H W Bush proclaimed in his state of the union addressRead MoreThe Homeland Security Act Of 20021333 Words   |  6 PagesTHE HOMELAND SECURITY ACT The Homeland Security Act of 2002 Signed into law in 2002 by President George W. Bush, the Homeland Security Act established the Department of Homeland Security to prevent terrorist attacks, minimize any damage to the nation’s citizens, and reduce the country’s vulnerability to terrorism. In response to 9/11, the government, as well as the airline industry, has gone through many changes. As of result of 9/11, the airline industry lost a total of $7.7 billion. This paperRead MoreHomeland Security Act Of 20022038 Words   |  9 Pages Since the creation of Homeland Security Act in 2002 after the 9/11, attack the department has come across challenges and criticism from the government and private sectors alone. Since the Homeland Security Act of 2002 it has been amended in carrying out effectively of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007. The act report has shown it provides a strong well-rounded and strategic foundation of highest priorities in which it ensures the department will invest and operate in a produ cing unified fashion toRead MoreThe Homeland Security Act Of 20021813 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Since the creation of the Homeland Security Act in 2002 after the 9/11, attack the department has come across challenges and criticism from the government and private sectors alone. Since the Homeland Security Act of 2002 it has been amended in carrying out the effects of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007. The activity report has shown it provides a strong well-rounded and strategic foundation of the highest priorities in which it ensures the department will invest and operate in a producingRead MoreA Summary Of The Homeland Security Act Of 20021852 Words   |  8 Pages A Summary of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ASCI 254 12/12/14 Ryan Hoffman Abstract The Homeland Security Act of 2002 is a far-reaching act of legislation that was created in the wake of the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001. The bill was sponsored by Richard Armey of Texas and received final congressional approval on November 19th, 2002, and signed into law by President George W. Bush on November 25th, 2002. The Homeland Security Act was one of the largest governmentRead MoreThe Patriot Act And Homeland Security Act Of 20021329 Words   |  6 Pagesnation’s security form terrorist attack and upgrading its ability to search for, identify, and eliminate terrorist threats at homes and international. Two of the most important and far reaching laws to come from the political and legislative action for the fall were the Uniting and Strengthening Americas by Providing Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001(USA Patriot Act) and the Homeland Security Act of 2002. While the USA Patriot Act and Homeland Security Act of 2002 haveRea d MoreThe Homeland Security Act Of 2002 Pulls Apart Immigration1138 Words   |  5 Pagesand Immigration Services (USCIS) assumed accountability for the immigration service occupations of the federal government. The Homeland Security Act of 2002 pulls apart the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and detached the agency into three modules within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The Homeland Security Act created USCIS to develop the security and efficiency of national immigration services by converging exclusively on the administration of value applications. The lawRead MoreEssay on Department of Homeland Security1561 Words   |  7 PagesThe Establishment of the Department of Homeland Security as Established by the Homeland Security Act of 2002 An Analysis and Report Zachary Stackhouse Political Science 101: Introduction October 24, 2011 Introduction On September 11th, 2001, The United States of America and the rest of the world stared and watched as the first and then second tower of the World Trade Center in New York came under attack by terrorists. At 8:46 am, American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into the North TowerRead MoreThe Homeland Security Act Essay833 Words   |  4 PagesThe Homeland Security Act of 2002 impacted the American people without many of them realizing it. The act called for increased monitoring of computer networks, phone lines, and online history inside the United States and allowed the government to deport suspects (ACLU). What was created by the act has snaked its way into all aspects of our lives, creating a sense of order and restricting some freedom. However, some say that this imposition into our daily lives limits our freedoms and actions allowedRead MoreThe Department of Homeland Security Essay920 Words   |  4 PagesDepartment of Homeland Security (DHS) became operational on January 24, 2003 6 0 days after the Senate passed the Homeland Security Act of 2002 into law. The Department of Homeland Security is the third largest cabinet department, only after the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs. The Homeland Security Act of 2002, Public Law 107-296 was enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress. The Department of Homeland Security is an executive

Parent Control Children Watching TV Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Parent Control Children Watching TV. Answer: Parent control children watching TV Research has shown the positive and negative effects of TV watching more so on kids as well as the entire family. However, the issue is the period a child watches television and its impact on the kids academic and social life. Therefore, the parents have the task of determining the content and extent they should allow their children to watch TV through their example. Namibia Pascolena Florry, a teenager and herder of her parents goats in Namibia during independence perceived wildlife as an enemy just as the inhabitants of her rural communal land. At 31 years, Pascolena has a contrary view and is not only the first black Namibian manager of a guest lodge but considers tourism as a source of job opportunities and environment conservation upon which the future depends. SLP The objective of posting the armed police to schools and the School Liason Police (SLP) to public and private high schools in NSW is to foster healthy relationships between the students and police, to minimize crime by advising them and the principals on criminal activities students engage in more often, and to equip students with individual safety skills. However, the communitys response will be varied with a section of parents welcoming the initiative. Grass and Cow The existing association between cow and grass is a miracle that will explain all about the current meat. The ruminants take in the grass and its seed, excretes it, plants with its hooves and then its manure fertilizes it. The grass, in turn, provides the food and the cycle continues with an endless habitat of grass. Moreover, the special digestive organ: the rumen can convert grass to a rich protein source. Songbird Laszlo Garamszegi, an ornithologist, blames Charles Darwin for the common assumption of males sing while the females listen in the courtship of birds. This is based on Garamszegis study on 233 European songbirds. The oversight of singing females can be attributed to their quietness, mistaken identity amidst the singing males and their less studied habitats. Furthermore, singing first evolved in females based on the evolutionary family tree. Parents born order affect their parenting Parenting is affected by the birth order of parents more so when it replicates the dynamics of their own. According to Agati, the firstborn who is usually problematic can be helped at attender age when they are more social. The birth order of Mom Susan Ritz and her husband was reflected in the age difference of nine years between her firstborn son and youngest Julie from the harassment of the older son. Country Being born and raised in the country was disadvantageous at first due to the lack of exposure, heating system, advanced road network and unstable clean water supply. On the contrary, convincing Liz in the seventies; a lady born and brought up in town, that country living is far much beneficial than city life was difficult with all the noticeable variations that exist. Napping According to the study done by Dimitrios Trichopoulos, naps are significant in fighting heart disease deaths. The over 23000 Greek adult respondents were 30 percent less likely to suffer coronary mortality, yet, theres need for further research. Michael Twery asserts that Napping achieves this by regulating daily stress and as a part of everyday living. Italy, Spain, and Greece are examples with the reduced level of heart diseases due to siestas. House Mice House mice are an exemplary illustration of human movement, according to the Searle and Viking Studies which emphasize that mice go where people go. The former study indicated that Australian mice traveled with convicts from the British Isles whereas the latter study tracked the movement of mice in Iceland, Denmark, and Sweden using ancient mouse DNA obtained from archaeological sites Wine industry The enactment of the Volstead Act in the US in 1920 prohibited the production and distribution of all alcoholic liquors for beverages. However, the permission to produce and sale sacramental and medicinal wines were itself a loophole. Furthermore, the authorization to make fruit juice; ideal for making wine was misused by peddlers which sparked a total ban by the government hence bringing the wine industry to a halt. Animals and tools The conduct of all non-human animals is pre-defined by natural selection and evolution has provided the knowledge they may need. A beaver doesnt question the way it builds a dam as opposed to humans who have to inquire about almost everything. Humans are contrasting in their capacity to pursue definite goals naturally. Conversely, Steven Pinker contends that humans still do not have all the solutions due to evolution. The Uk- human remains The revision of the 19th Century burial legislation of British as a result of the awareness of indigenous rights has reverted the excavated human remains from repatriation to re-burial within two years of scientific analysis. Archaeologists and scientists argue that such decisions would destroy international prehistoric remains, an absence of public view and halting continuous scientific study using the emerging techniques. South Euclid (Ohio) School bullying Project A study by SRO, a social worker and a university researcher on the misconduct of South Euclid students revealed that the principals office had received thousands of bullying referrals as well as the police data. Respective Mitigation measures were put in place, and results showed a significant drop in the school suspensions and bullying. Both parents and teachers responses were affirmative to the prompt intervention of assisting the oppressed students. Tree-Ring Dendrochronology, also known as tree-ring dating can be used to determine the age of the tree through the counting of the rings inwards even though the ring width differ based on the yearly climatic conditions. Since tree growth is affected by weather conditions, the sequence and width of rings will vary hence the variation has been used to predict the different climates of locations where trees are cut from. Electrical cars The invention of electric vehicles is not a new phenomenon for they were the first types of motorized vehicles until the significance of petrol-fueled cars overweighed electric cars. The renewed interest in an electric car as from the twentieth century is due to the rise in the cost of oil and depletion of the ozone layer by the emissions from automobiles. Working environment Research by Harvard University showed an increase in performance as a result of an improved work environment. Additionally, a Swedish research paper indicated an association between office type and general job satisfaction and health of employees. Further studies have also shown the effect of green plants in the office on the psychological well-being of workers. Kursty Groves alludes that work environment can positively or negatively promote creativity. Butterfly effect Human activities like electricity generation and transportation are the largest producers of gases such as co2. Because the benefits associated with the negative activities such as driving surpass the costs, individuals are ready to bear the cost. As a result, the government has proposed regulation and taxation methods to regulate the production of greenhouse gases. The implementation of these methods will reduce individual involvement and some harmful gases emitted. Geothermal energy The exorbitant oil prices and the frequent power cuts which hinder the rising energy demands in East Africa calls for geothermal power as an alternative solution. More specifically, the Kenyan government with its potentiality of thermal variations below the East African Rift system is in a better position of achieving this according to the UNDP because of its thinnest continental crust on Earth with up to 3420 C. Georges-Eugene Hussmann To supply fresh and less-clean water to the city for household and gardening purposes respectively, Georges established a network of pipes. To accommodate the doubling population of Paris, Napoleon III made drastic changes including the destruction of buildings and establishment of four key parks at the cardinal points of the city compass similar to the Hyde Park of London. Engineer Eugene Belgrand spearheaded the projects alongside Haussmann and Jean-Charles Alphand. The life of Upper Paleolithic people The history of the Upper Paleolithic people can be studied with the help of the remains from their economic activity of indiscriminate hunting. For instance, the remains of bones of from the many animals they hunted. Additionally, the Upper Paleolithic people dwelt at the foot of cliffs under tents which they made from hides of hunted animals as opposed to the general view of living in caves.

The Step-by-Step Instruction on How to Write an Informative Essay Outline

Staring at the blank page on your computer screen without any idea of how to write an outline for an essay and wondering where to find a good sample, for example, in PDF format? The establishment of a good structure for an academic essay is actually one of the most difficult parts of the writing process for many high school, college, and university students. Besides, if English is your second language, this task can be especially challenging for you. But creating a detailed outline before you start writing the first paragraph of your short or extended essay is an effective way to ensure that your original ideas go together in a clear and logical order. Additionally, a perfect outline can save tons of your time during the revision process. Exclude the possibility that you will need to rearrange your ideas after they are written down. So, the writing process will be less time-consuming, and youll start working more productively. In this article, youll find a detailed and easy guide on how to make an outline for an informative essay. We will provide you with a good universal outline example that you can use to create the outlines for other types of essays: personal, cause-and-effect, compare and contrast, etc. What Is an Informative Essay? Lets start with an informative essay definition. Informative essays are sometimes called expository. Their purpose is to educate an audience on a certain topic. You dont have to express your own opinion, convince someone to do something or change their beliefs. Your task is simple to inform people about something that they dont know in an interesting and engaging manner. In fact, informative essays can be used for a variety of purposes: âÅ"… You can provide an analysis of data just like in a cause-and-effect essay. âÅ"… You can teach your audience how to do something, for example, how to solve a specific problem. âÅ"… You can compare different points of view on a debatable subject without presenting the authors opinion. âÅ"… You can offer a classification of some events, concepts or phenomena based on data analysis. Informative essays typically include lots of quotes, facts or resources that are referenced in the text in MLA or APA formats. To avoid plagiarism, you have to make a list of all sources on a special works-cited or references page. Wondering how to properly cite your sources? You can use a number of websites with detailed guides on how to do that, for example, a website of Purdue Online Writing Lab. What Is the Structure of an Informative Essay? Before we start discussing how to create an outline, you should have a good idea of the good essay structure. Every successful informative essay for college has several vital elements. Lets define these elements and explain how you can arrange them together, using an outline. A thesis statement is a sentence which tells your readers what exactly you plan to argue in your essay. It is typically written at the end of the introductory paragraph and should be clear and specific to guide your writing. For example, if your informative essay is about the Titanic, your thesis statement may be something like this: The sinking of Titanic is one of the well-known tragedies in history, and it should never be forgotten. Each paragraph in the body of your informative essay will support your thesis statement obviously and directly. An introduction has the purpose to grab your audiences attention, to put your topic in the context, and explain why your topic is significant and why your readers might be curious about it. The introductory paragraph should start broad, then narrow down to a particular topic. It ends with a strong thesis statement. You can also provide the additional information about how you are going to organize your argument. Body paragraphs present and discuss the main topic of your informative essay. There is no strict rule on how many body paragraphs your essay should include. Its up to you or your instructor to decide how long your essay will be. Certainly, the length can depend on the complexity of your topic. Typically, each body paragraph discusses or explains a specific aspect or fact that is related to the main essay topic. Since the essay is informative, you dont have to express your personal opinion. Topic sentences are written at the beginning of each body paragraph. They introduce the main point of the particular paragraph. These sentences can help you stay focused during the writing process. You need to include in a paragraph all the necessary information that is logically and clearly related to the topic sentence. Keep in mind that all topic sentences are supposed to tie in your thesis statement. The evidence is included in body paragraphs to provide support to the topic sentences. You can use analysis, facts, details, data, arguments, examples, anecdotes, quotes, etc. to support each topic sentence. Usually, you should include at least 3 points to support every topic sentence in your informative essay. Transitions help to make your essay logical and allow readers to easily follow your argument. They show connections between different paragraphs and can be either the last sentences in the body paragraphs or be included in the next topic sentence with various transition words. A conclusion should close off the essay giving a brief overview of what has been previously discussed. You dont have to introduce here any new information or arguments. You can restate your thesis statement and summarize the general points of your informative essay. If you like, you can include your point of view or opinion on the topic in this part of an essay. What Are Pre-Writing Tips on How to Write an Essay Outline for College? The first step when writing an essay, including an informative one, is to choose a good topic. When writing an informative essay, you can choose from a huge variety of topics. For example, you can write about the latest technological advancements, consequences of the climate change, health benefits of being a vegetarian, steps in writing an application letter, e-learning trends, advancements of plastic surgery, etc. This list may be endless. You should choose a topic that is interesting to you, and, at the same time, it should be appropriate and interesting to your audience. After you have chosen an informative essay topic, its important to conduct a profound research and gather relevant data from credible primary and secondary sources that you can use for formulating your thesis statement, making an outline, and wring your essay. When doing research, you have to make notes, writing down some interesting facts or quotes that you can use in your essay. You should also keep track of all your sources and write down information about the authors, titles of books and articles, publishers, etc. How to Write an Outline of an Essay with Examples? An outline can help organize all your facts and main argument in a logical way and determine the order in which you are going to write about your main ideas. Its a great way to decide how you will present information in your paper. You are free to choose between 2 main essay outline formats: Decimal; Alphanumeric. Look at the examples and determine what is more suitable for you. The decimal outline format uses only numbers that clearly show how levels of the outline are related to each other. The alphanumeric format is more common for students. It uses Roman and Arabic numerals as well as capital and lowercase letters. You watch the video with the detailed explanation on how to structure an outline for a college paper. But before you start making an outline, you need to have a good idea what you are going to argue in your essay. So, your first step is to rearrange your notes, ideas, and quotes that serve as a raw material for your project and organize them into an order that can support your argument. In what way? âÅ"  Generalizing After you have gathered enough material, you should use brainstorming techniques to come up with interesting ideas for your essay. You need to review every individual piece of information and assign it to some specific category. You have to classify all the information into relevant groups and establish connections between them. You can do it in a number of ways: make a list of ideas, free write or create a mind map. Try to make categories more general so that you should have not more than 3 categories for a 7-page essay. âÅ"  Ordering You should list your categories in order of importance and divide each category into sub-categories. You should think about how you can arrange your points in a sentence to support your argument. You should order both general and smaller categories and create sentences to support more general sentences. You should repeat this procedure to the smallest level. Make sure you arrange quotes, ideas, and statistics in a natural way. âÅ"  Putting It All Together When you construct all these sentences, you actually create an outline for your informative essay. The most general ideas will make your essay sections that will follow the order you used to place them into your sentences. The smaller categories within every larger category will determine the order of arranging paragraphs in every section. Looking for a good outline template? Most essays follow the same basic pattern (alphanumeric format), and your informative essay outline can look something like this: Now, you know how to make an essay outline. So, you are well on your way to creating clear and powerful essays that can impress your audience and get a high grade. You can use this informative essay outline template for writing most of the essays you are assigned in high school or college. When your outline is ready, you can start writing your first draft, using it as a tool that will guide you while writing. At this stage, you should focus on a good content and dont mind spelling errors and grammar mistakes. Its a rough draft, and youll be able to fix them in your final copy. Editing is an important step for all writing projects. Thats why, no matter how good your outline is, you should always revise your essay to improve its content, the logic flow of information, and make your informative essay clear and concise. When you finish the final copy, you need to proofread it and correct minor grammar, punctuation, and spelling mistakes and typos to make your essay perfect.

Free Essays on Gideons Trumpet

Gideon’s Trumpet Gideon vs. Wainwright was a monument of a case for people all across the country. Maybe it should have never passed by the Supreme Court at all. Betts vs. Brady should have never been overturned and should have remained the common practice throughout the country. The Supreme Court overlooked many important factors in deciding Gideon vs. Wainwright. This case should have been just another case decided by the standard that Betts vs. Brady set back in 1942. Betts vs. Brady was decided by a majority of six to three. This clearly proved that the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment did not assure a lawyer’s help in a state criminal trial. A lawyer didn’t have to be provided to a person unless he or she had â€Å"special circumstances†. Clarence Earl Gideon had none of these special circumstances. In fact, he did quite well defending himself in his own trial. He even cross-examined the witnesses that the prosecution called very completely. It just seemed like the Justices were biased towards Gideon and Fortas from the beginning. Smith Betts put forth the exact same case to the Supreme Court twenty years earlier. The difference was that different justices sat back then. Six out of nine of them could see the disadvantages of providing lawyers to everyone. Once all the newer justices started, and once Justice Frankfurter retired, they knew they could probably get the majority in overruling Betts vs. Brady. Federal enforcement of the Gideon case makes for a very inflexible and sterile legal system. Deciding to have every state grant a lawyer to everybody who wanted one really took a lot of power away from the states individually. When the states are allowed to form their own laws and procedures, a wide variety of systems result. It is in these different systems that we get closer and closer to the best way to do things. States should be allowed to experiment with their own legal system... Free Essays on Gideon's Trumpet Free Essays on Gideon's Trumpet Gideon’s Trumpet Gideon vs. Wainwright was a monument of a case for people all across the country. Maybe it should have never passed by the Supreme Court at all. Betts vs. Brady should have never been overturned and should have remained the common practice throughout the country. The Supreme Court overlooked many important factors in deciding Gideon vs. Wainwright. This case should have been just another case decided by the standard that Betts vs. Brady set back in 1942. Betts vs. Brady was decided by a majority of six to three. This clearly proved that the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment did not assure a lawyer’s help in a state criminal trial. A lawyer didn’t have to be provided to a person unless he or she had â€Å"special circumstances†. Clarence Earl Gideon had none of these special circumstances. In fact, he did quite well defending himself in his own trial. He even cross-examined the witnesses that the prosecution called very completely. It just seemed like the Justices were biased towards Gideon and Fortas from the beginning. Smith Betts put forth the exact same case to the Supreme Court twenty years earlier. The difference was that different justices sat back then. Six out of nine of them could see the disadvantages of providing lawyers to everyone. Once all the newer justices started, and once Justice Frankfurter retired, they knew they could probably get the majority in overruling Betts vs. Brady. Federal enforcement of the Gideon case makes for a very inflexible and sterile legal system. Deciding to have every state grant a lawyer to everybody who wanted one really took a lot of power away from the states individually. When the states are allowed to form their own laws and procedures, a wide variety of systems result. It is in these different systems that we get closer and closer to the best way to do things. States should be allowed to experiment with their own legal system... Free Essays on Gideon's Trumpet In Gideon’s Trumpet, Anthony Lewis provides a detailed account of Clarence Earl Gideon’s appeal to Supreme Court in order to gain his right to counsel, but Lewis also gives an excellent description of the process of appealing to the Supreme Court in general. Chapter 1 Chapter 1 describes Gideon’s claim to the Supreme Court (hereafter simply the Court). Gideon petitioned the Court in forma pauperis, in the manner of a pauper. Lewis states that the Court’s â€Å"Rule 53 allows an impoverished person to file just one copy of a petition†¦.‘due allowance’ for technical errors so long as there is substantial compliance† (4). From his initial filing to the Court, it appears as though Gideon made a substantial effort to comply with the standards set by the Court in regard to in forma pauperis petitions. Gideon’s application was written in pencil, but he included the affidavit required to proceed in forma pauperis. In his petition, Gideon also provided the Court with a copy of his habeas corpus petition that he filed to the Florida Supreme Court and the Florida Supreme Court’s rejection of that petition. In his petition, Lewis states that Gideon provided little, if any, personal information. Lewis describes Gideon as a destitute man who bore the marks of a destitute life. Gideon was 51 years old at the time of his petition to the Court. He had been convicted on four previous felonies. According to Lewis, hardly anyone would describe Gideon as a violent man; rather, Gideon was a man who found great difficulty in settling down and working to live. Thus, Gideon often turned to crime. In his filing to the Court, Gideon’s case was originally titled Gideon v. Cochran. Gideon’s primary submission to the Court was a 5-page petition for writ of certiorari. Gideon had been convicted of breaking and entering into the Bay Harbor Poolroom in Panama City, Florida. The crux of Gideon’s petition to the Court was that the due pr...

The Sociology of Consumption

The Sociology of Consumption The sociology of consumption is a subfield of sociology formally recognized by the American Sociological Association as the Section on Consumers and Consumption. Within this subfield, sociologists see consumption as central to daily life, identity, and social order in contemporary societies in ways that far exceed rational economic principles of supply and demand. Modern Context Due to its centrality to social life, sociologists recognize fundamental and consequential relationships between consumption and economic and political systems, and to social categorization, group membership, identity, stratification, and social status. Consumption is thus intersected with issues of power and inequality, is central to social processes of meaning-making, situated within the sociological debate surrounding structure and agency, and a phenomenon that connects the micro-interactions of everyday life to larger-scale social patterns and trends. The sociology of consumption is about far more than a simple act of purchase and includes the range of emotions, values, thoughts, identities, and behaviors that circulate the purchase of goods and services, and how we use them by ourselves and with others. This subfield of sociology is active throughout North America, Latin America, Britain and the European continent, Australia, and Israel, and is growing in China and India. Research Topics How people interact at sites of consumption, like shopping malls, streets, and downtown districtsThe relationship between individual and group identities and consumer goods and spacesHow lifestyles are composed, expressed, and slotted into hierarchies through consumer practices and identitiesProcesses of gentrification, in which consumer values, practices, and spaces play a central role in reconfiguring the racial and class demographics of neighborhoods, towns, and citiesThe values and ideas embedded in advertising, marketing, and product packaging;Individual and group relationships to brandsEthical issues tied to and often expressed through consumption, including environmental sustainability, the rights and dignity of workers, and economic inequalityAnd, consumer activism and citizenship, as well as anti-consumer activism and lifestyles Theoretical Influences The three â€Å"founding fathers† of modern sociology laid the theoretical foundation for the sociology of consumption. Karl Marx provided the still widely and effectively used concept of â€Å"commodity fetishism,† which suggests that the social relations of labor are obscured by consumer goods that carry other kinds of symbolic value for their users. This concept is often used in studies of consumer consciousness and identity. Émile Durkheim’s writings on the symbolic, cultural meaning of material objects in a religious context have proved valuable to the sociology of consumption, as it informs studies of how identity is connected to consumption, and how consumer goods play an important role in traditions and rituals around the world. Max Weber pointed to the centrality of consumer goods when he wrote about the growing importance of them to social life in the 19th century, and provided what would become a useful comparison to today’s society of consumers, in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. A contemporary of the founding fathers, American Historical Thorstein Veblen’s discussion of â€Å"conspicuous consumption† has been greatly influential to how sociologists study the display of wealth and status. European critical theorists active in the mid-twentieth century also provided valuable perspectives to the sociology of consumption. Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno’s essay on â€Å"The Culture Industry† offered an important theoretical lens for understanding the ideological, political, and economic implications of mass production and mass consumption. Herbert Marcuse delved deeply into this in his book One-Dimensional Man, in which he describes Western societies as awash in consumer solutions that are meant to solve one’s problems, and as such, provide market solutions for what are actually political, cultural, and social problems. Additionally, American sociologist David Riesman’s landmark book, The Lonely Crowd, set the foundation for how sociologists would study how people seek validation and community through consumption, by looking to and molding themselves in the image of those immediately around them. More recently, sociologists have embraced French social theorist Jean Baudrillard’s ideas about the symbolic currency of consumer goods, and take seriously his claim that seeing consumption as a universal of the human condition obscures the class politics behind it. Similarly, Pierre Bourdieu’s research and theorizing of the differentiation between consumer goods, and how these both reflect and reproduce cultural, class, and educational differences and hierarchies, is a cornerstone of today’s sociology of consumption. Notable Contemporary Scholars and Their Work Zygmunt Bauman: Polish sociologist who has written prolifically about consumerism and the society of consumers, including the books Consuming Life; Work, Consumerism and the New Poor; and Does Ethics Have a Chance in a World of Consumers?Robert G. Dunn: American social theorist who has written an important book of consumer theory titled Identifying Consumption: Subjects and Objects in Consumer Society.Mike Featherstone: British sociologist who wrote the influential Consumer Culture and Postmodernism, and who writes prolifically about lifestyle, globalization, and aesthetics.Laura T. Raynolds: Professor of sociology and director of the Center for Fair and Alternative Trade at Colorado State University has published numerous articles and books about fair trade systems and practices, including the volume Fair Trade: The Challenges of Transforming Globalization.George Ritzer: Author of widely influential books, The McDonaldization of Society and Enchanting a Disenchanted World: Continuit y and Change in the Cathedrals of Consumption. Juliet Schor: Economist and sociologist who has written a series of widely cited books on the cycle of working and spending in American society, including The Overspent American, The Overworked American, and Plenitude: The New Economics of True Wealth.Sharon Zukin: Urban and public sociologist who is widely published, and author of Naked City: The Death and Life of Authentic Urban Spaces, and the important journal article, â€Å"Consuming Authenticity: From Outposts of Difference to Means of Exclusion.† New research findings from the sociology of consumption are regularly published in the  Journal of Consumer Culture  and the  Journal of Consumer Research.

Coal Industry in Wales between 1945 - 1985 Essay

Coal Industry in Wales between 1945 - 1985 - Essay Example Wales, as a nation, has largely been built around welsh language, and partly on collective identity by virtue of the coalfield communities. In the Wales, the labor party was held in reverence, owing to political and cultural references to coal. During the 1984-1985, the coal mine workers went on strike, following a change of government by Margaret Thatcher. The conservative party, unlike the labor party that was more concerned with the welfare of the mine workers and wealth distribution, was more concerned with free trade (Gildart 2001). This move was also not popular with both the national union of mineworkers (NUM) and the national coal board (NCB) that was recording losses. Market fluctuations, labor intensity, geographic concentration, distinctive structure and nature of the coal mining industry are some of the features that characterized this industry in the United Kingdom during the twentieth century (Davis 2006). The coalfields were so dependent on a limited economic activities range that once there was a decline in the market for coal, there occurred a widespread social distress, unemployment, and bitter disputes in industrial relations. As such, coal mining has served as an example to a number of social, economic and political issues in the history of modern Britain. State of the industry before 1945 During the industrial revolution, coal mining evolved into a large scale affair, as it was the primary source of energy for transportation and industries during the period between the eighteenth century and the 1950s. Compared to other sources of energy such as electricity, coal is steal abundant and of a lower cost. However, the discovery and mining of coal in other areas such as the United States led to a significant drop in the demand for coal from the Wales on a global scale. Additionally, oils and other associated fuels were now gaining popularity as an alternative source of energy (Davis 2006). By the late twentieth century, coal was rapidly being replaced as a source of energy in the transportation and industrial sectors, as well as at the domestic level. During the twentieth century, there was an increase in both output and manpower, and this ensured that Wales had its peak coal production. In 1913, Wales produced about 57 million tons of coal in 620 mines that employed 232,000 men. By 1913, Britain had over 2,500 mines. These were producing in excess of 290 million tones of coal (Davis 2006). Of these, 30 percent was meant for export. By 1938, just prior to the Second World War, the number of mines had reduced to 1,900, and the output plummeted to 230 million tones. Export was just over 50 million tones. This notwithstanding, the scale of the industry was still considered to be very large. By 1913, South Wales produced about 20 percent of all the coal in the United Kingdom (Gildart 2001). This came from coalfields in Durham/Northumberland, and Yorkshire and Scotland. The counties and towns where these mines were located became home to thousands of mines workers. By 1921, almost half of all the adult male workers found in Glamorgan happened to be coal miners. Following the end of the First World War

Pierson and the Secret Service Scandal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pierson and the Secret Service Scandal - Essay Example During this entire incident neither the President, nor his family were inside the White House. However, this act was viewed as a significant attempt to trick the security of the President and shed light on work of Ms. Pierson, who was responsible to look after the President’s security detail at all times. Another event which turned out to be a final blow to Julia Pierson’s Position came in the face of an incident where in Atlanta an armed guard was using the same elevator as President Barrack Obama. Interestingly enough, the guard was not authorized to be near the President, and this could have possibly led to disastrous consequences (Plate and Sterman, 2014). I personally believe that Ms. Julia Pierson’s case could have been handled in a much different manner as compared to the way it was currently resolved. What needs to be understood is that Ms. Julia, like all civil servants, has served at various key positions and undergone rigorous training prior to being appointed to lead the President’s Security Detail. Anyone can have a bad day at work, and making a judgment on someone based on a couple of events is essentially not the right thing to do. I believe Ms. Julia should have been first asked to explain if she has been undergoing any issues which are keeping her attention from her work. Accordingly, she should have been counseled. If the interaction determined that Ms. Julia needs a break from work, then she could have been sent for vacations to cool her mind and later on join in with a fresh attitude. Asking her to resign like in this case is no resolution. It is totally unjust and ruthless to end a person’s service straight away without giving them any chance. What could have been rather more appropriate, would be to not make Ms. Julia resign from her position, but rather to move her to another office and assign her with another responsibility instead of simply sabotaging her

Thomas Carlyle Essay Example for Free

Thomas Carlyle Essay Thomas Carlyle, born in Ecclefechan, Dumfries and Galloway [1], was a Scottish essayist whose work was very significant in the Victorian era [1]. Carlyle was brought up in a strictly Calvinist family, following a version of Protestant Christianity. But in a time of rapid scientific and technological advancements and discoveries, he soon lost his faith in religion. He went to the University of Edinburgh for higher education. One of Thomas Carlyle’s most famous works includes Sartor Resartus (The tailor re-tailored). Many consider it to one of the earliest ‘existentialist’ books [1]. The concept of transcendentalism too is evident in many of his works like Frederick the Great, in which he envisioned a spiritually liberated nation, following a new modern culture. His work Signs of the Times and Characteristics contains essays commenting on the victorian society and culture. His work The French Revolution, A History in 1837 has been thought to be one of the major motivating factors behind the French Revolution. Carlyle also follwed the theme of dehumanization with as much passion as the one about a counter culture. In his work the Past and Present Carlyle talks about the growing mechanisation and technological advancements; the spiritual values he advocated were giving way to ‘rights and laws [1].’ With the business and economic gaining gretaer strength, he called the changing thought the â€Å"‘dismal science’ of economics [1].† He was also belived in a the concept of a single, strong, enlightened leader. In his work On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History, he compares different heroes. Carlyle was also a great believer of ‘Silence’ and its divinity. thought has silently matured itself, †¦to hold ones tongue till some meaning lie behind to set it wagging [1].† But from all of Carylyle’s works, it is evident that though he was progressive, he was equally idealistic. He pictured a world where there would be religious freedom, progress, and advancement. But he pictured a world free of materialism. The culture and social set-up of England at that time was regularly under criticism. Authors like Johnathan Swift too had commented on it. But the issue makes its way into almost all of Carlyle’s works. He was also a great believer in what we call existentialism. His view on faith was both passionate and philosophical, ‘transeding’ the boundries of religion and religious rituals. But there is absolutely no doubt that he was one of the greatest reformists of his time. His work was often satirical, but it found its way into the hearts and minds of the public, who too were â€Å"grappling with scientific and political changes that threatened the traditional social order [1].† Works Cited: Wikipedia, Thomas Carlyle, retrived from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle#Worship_of_Silence_and_Sorrow (Accessed Sept. 28, 2007)

Palestine And Isreal Conflict Essay -- essays research papers

Territorial disputes over which religion should have control over the holy lands have been ongoing for about two thousand years with little to no resolution in sight. Everyday, on the news, there is a story about how there was retaliation over the killing of a Palestinian or Israeli. As a result of these more are killed leading to the cyclical pattern of retribution. This conflict has diminutive weight in the eyes of the people of the world since it has been carried on for so long. The argument for both groups is a claim that Jerusalem is the rightful possession of their religion and the key to the survival of their cultures. Promises for peace are frequent but never upheld by either side. As the everyday struggle for peace continues little is accomplished to up hold that pledge for peace to end the violence and hate. The shouting voices of the Palestinian People in the streets cry out in anger, †Down the olive branch, long live the gun.† There is more to the never endin g holy war than that of which the media allows us to see, the fear and loathing for that of a better life. The trifling stories of the individual are frequently untold even though they are a transgression committed against personal liberties.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the rest of the world gets involved it becomes a much more complicated affair than if people were to leave it alone for the two countries to work it out between themselves. The Palestinians and the Israelis could view intervention as siding with one side or the other leading to defensiveness and therefor slowing down or sometimes halting any progress that may have been made. Since the late 1940’s the Untied Nations has become increasingly more involved in order to put and end to the human suffering of the people in that region. By having the two groups send representatives to the Netherlands, which is seen as a non-partisan territory that would be less intrusive in negotiations. The United Nations and the Palestinian Liberation Organization have assembled and come to resolutions that were thought to be in the best interest of each of the countries in order to instill peace and bring order to the region. By this process there has been much animosity bui lding within the population with civilians killing soldiers and vice versa as seen on the news reports.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In around the year 750 A.C.E the A... ...and being helpful and non-intrusive in the peace making process. Since the UN General Assembly met in 1947 and recommended that the land be partitioned among the two groups. In this the Jewish people took less land than they originally had previously wished to control. The PLO was formed of the different Arab groups that wanted to control the Israeli occupied territory. This is an example of how intervention from groups could be used to further their cause. In 1974 the UN recognizes the PLO as a legitimate representative body of the Palestinian people and therefore fueling the nationalism within the hearts of its people which is good for their cause. After the Israelis had defeated the Arabic aggressors they then were forced by the UN to return the settlements taken in the war. This action would not have been taken if the Arabs were to win. The PLO would have let them keep the lands since their primary goal was to destroy Israeli. Because of these efforts to maintain peace it is a better premise than if it were to be left up to the factions to settle disputes for themselves. The UN has used their influence to pursue a more peaceful resolution and to save the lives of the citizens.

Reflection of life Essay

America was put into a state of national depression in a matter of 24 hours. On October 29, 1929 millions of dollars was lost by the American economy in a time known as, the Wall Street Crash (this led to the Depression). Banks became bankrupt themselves and over 1/3 of the American population became redundant. The story ‘Of Mice and Men’ is set during the American Depression in the American countryside where both Lenny and George whom are ranch hands are going to their next job on Curly’s father’s farm. In the book, the economic depression is largely explored and has a great influence on the structure of the book. Both George and Lenny represented real – life ranch hands they had, ‘no family’ and ‘don’t belong no place. ’ Most men during the economic depression had little to go by in terms of money and work. Most ranchmen wasted their money, ’stake’ and had little going for them as only people who were educationally equipped and also financially sustained could live well. Ranchmen could only, ‘work up a stake and they go inta town and blow their stake, and the first thing you know they’re pundin’ their tail on some other ranch. They ain’t got nothing to look ahead to. ’ This became a reality in real – life as fewer jobs were permanent and the little pay that the ranchmen got was so small that the only way to spend it was on drink and brothels. The American Dream was depended on greatly by most of the population of America as at this time it acted like the thread of hope that could well have gotten many people out of the economically deprived state they seemed to be in. Both Lenny and George dreamed of owning a farm and living off, ‘the fatta the lan’. ’ This meant living for themselves and growing their own crops to live a self – sustainable independent life together. ‘I remember about the rabbits, George,’ this is a very significant line, it portrays the great hope that one can still have and that a dream can be achieved. The dream for Lenny and George was very humble. Lenny wanted to, ‘tend the rabbits’ and George hoped for a place to settle down. Lenny always remembers their dream as there was a chance it could have happened. During the depression many Americans became recluse to themselves, times were hard and what little could be gained was meant for an individual and their own loved ones, this isolation is represented when, ‘Candy spoke they both jumped as though they had been caught doing something reprehensible. ’ This shows that Lenny and George’s dream was meant for themselves not anybody else; they hoped to hide this from others so they can get their dream without others interfering and potentially messing it up. However Candy’s interference was worthwhile as it started to form their dream, ‘they fell into a silence. They looked at one another, amazed. This thing they had never really believed in was coming true. ’ This sheer excitement is a reflection of what small opportunities during this time made to an American’s life. Racism is greatly reflected in ‘Of Mice and Men,’ during the depression, racism was more evident in American society, especially against the black population who were racial segregated. Crooks the stable buck is a prime example of this as he has one of the lowest social statuses and is always referred to as, ‘nigger. ’ He is isolated from the rest of the ranch hands, â€Å"you don’t let me in your house to play cards, so why should I let you into my house? † This sentence reveals that this action bothers him so he does not want to interact with the people that are so socially unaware of the wrong they are doing. The ranch hands seem to be oblivious to the fact Crooks is a real person and even when Crooks was allowed to join in with the Christmas festivities, he was still caught up in some degradation as he became centred around a fight with one of the ranch hands. ‘Yes sir. Jesus, we had fun. They let the nigger come in that night. Little skinner name of Smitty took after the nigger. ’ Lastly, the lives of women are explored greatly. Women at this point were merely for show. There were no significant female leaders in America at this point and women like Curley’s wife were treated mainly as objects not real people. The life of Curly’s wife was very isolated. She was thought to cause trouble; this is because she was attractive and married to a man who wanted to pick a fight with anyone. A fight like that would easily arouse if a ranch hand handled Curley’s wife, â€Å"She’s gonna make a mess. They’s gonna be a bad mess about her. She’s a jail bait all set on the trigger. That Curley got his work cut out for him. Ranch with a bunch of guys on it ain’t no place for a girl, specially like her. † Curley’s wife is treated like trouble and because she is the only female on the ranch she is isolated. She has no female friends, men will fancy her, her husband has anger management issued and she has no morale guide. Women may have been treated more as trophy wives than they did before, â€Å"well – she got the eye,† this quote is said by Candy as a compliment. Overall Curly’s wife reflects closely to the prejudice that women could have faced but it was unlikely all women at the time would have been treated this badly, up to the point that she had been killed. In conclusion ‘Of Mice and Men’ is generally a thorough reflection of the period of time the book was written in. Both Black people and women were isolated in situations against white men who were largely dominant on a social front in the American economic depression.

Achievement Motivation Essay

What is it? This links personality with the degree of competitiveness shown by an individual. Its main focus is the extent to which an individual is motivated to attain success. Some Theories about it   Murray (1938) indicated that it was natural for individual to strive to surpass another (genetically) like trait. Bandura (1977) believed that a competitive drive was a product of learning (social learning). Atkinson and McCelland (1976) has the view of an interactionist and predicts achievement motivation is generated through a combination of personality and situation factors. Atkinson and McCelland view of achievement motivation as a personality trait which is activated by a situation, the situation comprises the probability of success and the incentive value of success. -Probability of success;the extent to which success is likely;For example success is more likely of the task is found by the individual to be easy. -Incentive value of success;the incentive value experienced by the individual after success-been achieved. For example the harder the task the greater will be the incentive value because the probability of success is reduced. There are two personality types to determine achievement motivation and these are; 1.High need to achieve (high Nach) Linked with the low need to avoid failure (Low Naf). With these characteristic, desire to succeed overcomes the fear of failure. These performers=high in achievement motivation (high achievers) 2.Low need to achieve (Low Nach) Also linked with high need to avoid failure (High Naf). These characteristics the fear of failure overcome the desire to success. These performers=low in achievement motivation (low achievers) Characteristics of high and low achievement motivation personality traits. High Nach Personality Characteristics Low Nach personality characteristics High need to achieve Low need to achieve Low need to avoid failure High need to avoid failure Approach behaviour is adopted Avoidance behaviour is adopted Challenges is accepted Challenges is rejected Risks are undertaken Risks are declined Shows persistence and perseverance when task is difficult Curtails effort when task is difficult Success tends to be attributed to external factors Failure tends to be attributed to internal factors Failure is seen as a route to success Failure is seen as the route to further failure Aspire to mastery orientation Adopt learned helpessness Key Terms Approach behaviour-describes behaviour that accepts a challenge Avoidance behaviour-describes behaviour that rejects a challenge Attribution-The process that predict reasons for success or failure Mastery Orientation-The strong motive to succeed found in the high achievement. This type of person will expect to succeed but will persist when failure is experienced Learned helplessness-The belief that failure is inevitable and that the individual has no control over the factors that cause failure. Atkinson and McCelland Their theory of achievement motivation is best at predicting behavioural responses in situations where there is a 50/50 chance of success. This will trigger motivation for those performers with high achievement traits=likely  to display approach behaviour and mastery orientation characteristics in these circumstances. Incentive value=high when chance is evenly balanced. In contrast to performers who show low achievement motivation would experience greatest anxiety in situations with a 50/50 chance of success— later adopt avoidance behaviour and experience learned helplessness. Approach or avoidance behaviours likely to arise when in a evaluative situation=Situation in which an individual believes they are being assessed. Drawbacks 1.Achievement or success can interpreted in many ways. Some performers regard success as victory over others. For example a long jump athlete winning an event. These people are said to have ego goal orientation. Those with this believe that ability and comparison over others=criteria for success. 2.Others judge on the basis of person improvement in a given task-For example a second long jump athlete may view success as the achievement of an improved performance. These people are said to have task orientation. Those with the task orientation value internal goals and believe that effort and comparison with self=criteria for success. Sport Specific Achievement Motivation(Competitiveness) Competitiveness in this context means- motivation to achieve in sport. Gill and Deeter (1988), using their own test called the ‘Sport Orientation Questionnaire’ (SOQ), confirmed that athletes were far more competitive than non-athletes. As as statement, this would appear obvious. Evidence of greater significance-athletes favoured performance goals (task orientation) while non-athletes emphasised the importance of winning (ego orientation) The type of goal set by the teacher as the measure of success in sport-related activities has, therefore, a significant influence upon the decision to adopt and sustain an active and healthy lifestyle. The important association between sport-specific motivation (competitiveness), confidence and goal setting.

How to Use the French Preposition Contre (Against)

How to Use the French Preposition Contre (Against) Contre  is a French preposition that usually means against, while its antonym,  pour, means for. Contre is used often alone or as part of common idiomatic expressions, such as par contre,  which means, on the other hand, whereas and but. Contre  is required after certain French verbs and phrases that need an  indirect object. The term contre  also has other English equivalents, depending on the context. Common Uses of Contre 1. Contact or Juxtaposition   Ã‚  Ã‚  sappuyer contre le mur  Ã‚  Ã‚  to lean against the wall  Ã‚  Ã‚  la face contre terre  Ã‚  Ã‚  face down (face the ground) 2. Opposition   Ã‚  Ã‚  Nous sommes contre la guerre.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Were against war.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ªtre en colà ¨re contre quelquun  Ã‚  Ã‚  to be angry with someone 3. Defense or Protection   Ã‚  Ã‚  un abri contre le vent  Ã‚  Ã‚  a shelter from the wind  Ã‚  Ã‚  une mà ©decine contre la grippe  Ã‚  Ã‚  medicine against the flu 4. Exchange   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ©changer un stylo contre un crayon  Ã‚  Ã‚  to trade a pen for a pencil  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il ma donnà © un livre contre trois magazines  Ã‚  Ã‚  He gave me a book (in exchange) for three magazines 5. Relationship / Rapport   Ã‚  Ã‚  deux voix contre une  Ã‚  Ã‚  two (votes) to one   Ã‚  Ã‚  un à ©tudiant contre trois profs  Ã‚  Ã‚  one student vs three teachers 6. After Certain Verbs, Phrases That Need an Indirect Object   Ã‚  Ã‚  sabriter contre (le vent)   to take shelter against (the wind)  Ã‚  Ã‚  sappuyer contre (un arbre)   to lean against (a tree)  Ã‚  Ã‚  sasseoir contre (son ami)   to sit next to (ones friend)  Ã‚  Ã‚  sassurer contre (lincendie)   to insure against (fire)  Ã‚  Ã‚  se battre contre   to fight against  Ã‚  Ã‚  se blottir contre (sa mà ¨re, son chien)  Ã‚  to cuddle up next to (ones mother, dog)   Ã‚  Ã‚  donner quelque chose contre  Ã‚  to give something in exchange for  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ©changer quelque chose contre quelque chose  Ã‚  to exchange something for  Ã‚  Ã‚  something else  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ªtre en colà ¨re contre  Ã‚  to be angry at  Ã‚  Ã‚  se fà ¢cher contre  Ã‚  to get mad at  Ã‚  Ã‚  se mettre contre le mur  Ã‚  to stand against the wall  Ã‚  Ã‚  serrer quelquun contre sa poitrine/son cÅ“ur  Ã‚  to hug someone  Ã‚  Ã‚  troquer quelque chose contre quelque chose  Ã‚  to swap something for  Ã‚  Ã‚  something els e  Ã‚  Ã‚  voter contre  Ã‚  to vote against

6 Steps to Supercharge Your Resume in 2017

6 Steps to Supercharge Your Resume in 2017 Whether you want to put out some new-job feelers in the new year or you’re happy with your current job, you should take this fresh-start opportunity to overhaul your resume. But why, you ask? It’s a good resume. It got you this far. And you could always update it if there’s a specific need, right? All valid points. But let’s look at this as an improvement opportunity for yourself. It’s like an annual eye exam. You might not think your vision has changed much, but your insurance requires an annual exam anyway to make sure your vision needs haven’t changed. There’s always room to make your life better and present yourself in a way that shows who you are at a given moment. Your work self is no different.1. Look at resume trends, especially in your industry.This can be just a basic search online. Is everyone including social media links on their resume these days? Are infographics to show revenue and statistics the way to go? It may be as basic as checking to see whether particular sections or formatting are current.For example, conventional wisdom used to say that an â€Å"objective† statement was a part of a well-balanced resume. Now, that has fallen out of favor as employers look for more straightforward, cut-to-the-chase bullet points about results. Don’t let your resume look like the professional equivalent of the Ford Edsel when everyone else is sending in a sleek hybrid.2. Include more iOS, less Apple II.If you have skills listed for software programs and applications that don’t exist anymore or are no longer widely used, ditch ‘em. Make sure your listed tech skills match the current crop of tools for your field.3. Do a self-audit of the past year.Does your resume offer your most recent skills and accomplishments? This is a chance to review your year in general and have a list of your successes ready to go for annual review time. Even if you have no plans to leave your current job, h aving an updated list of this information can give you a leg up when it comes to negotiating for a bonus or a raise.4. Decide what doesn’t need to be there anymore.If your resume still includes your job responsibilities from four jobs ago, it’s time to consign some of your old information to history. If those old jobs are super-relevant to a particular job you’re seeking, keep some of the information; but your resume’s focus should definitely be your most recent job(s). In other words, it’s probably fine to let go of that student office job you had back in college. Hiring managers want to see the professional you are now, not necessarily the one you were 10 years ago.5. Make sure everything is accurate.Every time you open your resume, be nitpicky. Is everything in it exactly as it’s supposed to be? Dates, numbers, skills? This goes hand-in-hand with proofreading to make sure your resume is also typo-free. To err is human, but to hand in a re sume containing easily preventable mistakes is embarrassing.6. Find a resume buddy.A second pair of eyes never, ever hurts. Have a friend or family member review your resume as neutrally as possible. They may see information that is incomplete or doesn’t make sense, or notice typos your own eyes might have missed.Your resume is a snapshot of where you are in your career, so here’s your chance to make sure it’s a great selfie as you gear up for the new year.

Philosophy of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Philosophy of Education - Essay Example Philosophical reflection informs the manner of instructive practices as well as the point to which instruction should do so. In the republic, Plato termed education as a practice which stands exclusively necessitating direction from the most embracing as well as refined metaphysics (Blake, Smith & Standish 2006). All past and current human societies have had a vested concentration on education and most of the people have claimed that most educational activities or teaching are the second oldest occupation. Almost every society allocates adequate resources in support of educational institutions and activities as they are very important. Learning institutions are one of the agents of socialization in most societies because all children are born innumerate and illiterate. They are also normally ignorant of the cultural achievements and norms of their society or community of which they are part of. However, with the assistance of teachers, the rest of the society and educational resources, they learn to read, write, and act in ways that are culturally appropriate. Most of the people learn these skills with more education facilities than other people. Education equips people with substantive knowledge and skills that enable them to identify and pursue their own aspirations and take part in their community life as independent and full-fledged citizens. In his educational philosophy, Plato argued that a person is served best when he or she is subordinated to a just society. Plato promoted the notion that children should be removed from the care of their mothers and raised as state wards with a lot of care being taken to t ell apart children suitable to the different castes, the highest attaining most education, to ensure that they act as city guardians and care for the less fortunate (Rozema 1998). Plato further argued that education would be holistic including physical discipline, skills, facts, art and music which he took as the utmost form of undertaking. He believed that talents were not distributed genetically and thus they had to be found in any social class. There have been other philosophies of education after Plato. Freire (2002) attacked the ‘banking concept of education’. In this concept, students are viewed like an empty account that should be filled by the teachers. Freire suggested that a deep reciprocity should be inserted into people’s idea of student and teacher. He rejected the teacher –student dichotomy and encouraged the role of participants in the classroom as the student teacher (a student who teaches) and teacher student (a teacher who learns). Freire (2002) kind of classroom was at times criticized because it can disguise the authority of the teacher rather than overcome it. Freirian education philosophy has been extremely important in academic debates over participatory development and overall development. Dewey (1916) argued that the basic ineluctable birth and death facts of every member of a social group make education a necessity because in spite of this genetic inescapability, the community has to continue. The immense societal significance of education is highlighted by the fact that when people are taken aback by a predicament, it is regularly viewed as a sign of fail and teachers and the system of education become scapegoats. On the other McLaren argued that education should bring about social and self empowerment. He criticized the conventional American tradition in which schools try to establish and develop an egalitarian and democratic society, with the conventional humanities curricula informing learners about the ethical standards and human values. McLaren saw modern schools as doing precious little to encourage the Western humanist traditionist. Schools produce economic and social which has to be weighed against a real record of serving the affluent interests. This condition by McLaren has been in latest conservative developments where the curriculum and aims are geared to the worldwide economic

Computational recruits lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Computational recruits - Lab Report Example Both simulation and laboratory procedures produced results consistent with expectations with empirical confirmation of the theory of the electrical behavior of RC networks as developed in the experiment. Further, the correctness of the development is confirmed considering that it agrees with the preceding experiment even though there were slight deviations. The results thereby were successfully used to establish how change in resistance, capacitance, and charge affected the charge of the capacitor over time. When the charge was increased to 20, the charge of the capacitor slowly discharged over the course of the simulation, but converged on a value around 16 rather than descending all the way to 0. When capacitance was changed to 20, the charge of the capacitor very lowly descended until it actually attained a negative charge. When the resistance was increased to 30, the charge of the capacitor dropped to below 0 very quickly. Further, the simulation also showed that the relationship between current and capacitor is such that when capacitor is fully charged the flow of any electrons is blocked thereby no change is observed in current at that point. The possible sources of error for the deviations can be attributed to experimental error especially for the simple mistakes in positioning the oscilloscope cursor. Other possible source is deviations observed in input-offset voltage and the input-bias

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 89

Assignment Example To be a project manager and utilize my abilities in a reputable organization that will enable me learn, grow and further my skills and knowledge in Engineering, Business, and Management. I anticipate this to happen in the next two years and develop my credentials to contribute positively in the expansion and prosperity of the firm. The goal is essential in the timely realization of my dreams, goals and ambitions in being a successful corporate executive in the energy management multinational. In addition, it will help me launch my consultancy business in matters of energy efficiency and project management in engineering. To successfully achieve all this, it is important to aggressively acquire the necessary skills within the shortest time possible. A reputable company is preferred because it exposes a person to world class management techniques and requisite development networks. I will institute a workable self-evaluation tactic. The continuous self-assessment will be made within a three-month cycle. I will put down every milestone, progress; a new skill acquired, networks developed. If it is done for the first two cycles totaling six months, a reliable pattern will be noticed. Therefore, if there is an unusual occurrence in the subsequent months, then a corrective step will be taken appropriately. When I have a progressive promotion and create resourceful contacts into my network, my goal will be achieved. If none of the above happens, I shall not have achieved my

Pros And Cons Of North America Free Trade Marketing Essay

Pros And Cons Of North America Free Trade Marketing Essay This report provides an analysis of the current and prospective profitability, pros and cons of North America Fee Trade Agreement. The analysis also includes the origins, objectives trend, and the advantages as the comparative advantages, standard living and nation policy, together with the disadvantages such as the deep analysis about the job loss in United State and the human right and nature. Other supporting ideas includes the detail information about the profit that this agreement bring to the people in US, Canada, Mexico and the wide countries, its purposes and goals, or the return from the investment as well as the loss. All the related detail and calculation can be found in the appendices. General earning from this free trading also estimated below industry averages. In particular, comparative performances in the areas of the markets control as well as the evaluations from NAFTA. The report finds the prospects of this agreement in its current position are evaluating and developing. The major areas of weakness require further investigation and remedial action by governments. Besides that, because NAFTA has many pros, governments also need to adapt and try to reduce the bad effect to countries which already become the one union. The report also investigates some limitations that NAFTA had through the analysis of advantages and disadvantages. Some of them are the connection between the government and companies, which lead to the fact that many companies have the disadvantages without the supporting by the union if they choose to stand independently. Furthermore, the lack of attention to the right of human due to the rush and overwhelm working hour and their insurances are low and unfair which develops by the maquiladora programs from NAFTA. II. Introduction. Origins. According to Paulette  L.  Stenzel (2010), The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is an agreement signed on January 1, 1994 within the 3 three countries United States, Canada, and Mexico which become the largest free trade area in the World (GDP). NAFTAs purposes are reducing the trading costs, increasing the business investment and help North America to achieve a wider position in the global marketplace.   When these three countries signed NAFTA, US and Canada had agreed to sign the United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement (CFTA) and added this agreement into NAFTA. Because of CFTA, there will be a change in place of the agricultural trade before NAFTA. Most of the food in United State and Canada became duty free on January 1, 1998. NAFTA began the implementation on January 1st, 1994 and going to be develop in 15 years.  Ã‚   Objectives. Some of the objectives from the agreement include the tariffs eliminate on the trading between Canada, US and Mexico and prepare a standards the provision of national treatment for other signatory countries foreign investors. Furthermore, to ensure markets secure access with the improvement on the settlement mechanism of the dispute, this agreement also help the member countries companies to have more procurement opportunities to increase the access of the government. In addition, NAFTA improves the professionals of business people and their cross-border movement within some selected countries to be stronger in protection of intellectual property right. A vast of new business opportunities had opened up by NAFTA for the three partner countries and other countries that want to enter North American market. Based on this, the investors come from other countries stay at a location in Canada can have the ability to attend the whole area of North American market.  Moreover, NAFTA has an entry in force which said that the significant increases experienced by the parties a in the goods and services trade among them. There also an agreement from the three Customs Administrations about NAFTA Rules of Origin Regulations (the Regulations) and the Rules of Origin of the NAFTA. In the worsened conditions of the economic in 2008; during the U.S. Presidential campaign, NAFTA became a hot issue again. Senators Hillary Clinton a democratic candidates and  Barack Obama  both blamed the loss of American jobs manufacturing to NAFTA and make a suggestion about the renegotiated for this term which will need to include the higher labor cost and the environmental standards. III. NAFTA pros and cons. Advantages. It is no doubt to say the most advantages that NAFTA bring to 450 million people in the U.S., Canada and Mexico is the free entrance in trading not only in their own country zone but also in the worldwide market place. With the national policies which support those countries with lower cost in export and import, it is responsible for $1.6 trillion in goods and services annually. It also decreases the inflation by reducing the cost of import to have more view, lets look into the figure of United States economy via the data of GDP rate which increased steadily 5% a year; it is the clear evidence to show the advantages the NAFTA bring to their countries. Comparative advantages. According to David Ingram (2009), NAFTA helps international trade to eliminate the tariffs between members countries by boasting the natural advantages that they owned. This means that they can low down the cost of production line and provide to the consumers more reasonable price of product because of cheap materials come from their natural resources advantages. U.S is famous for their high quality consumers good with low cost, while the strength of Mexico is agricultural product such as foods and crops. NAFTA eliminates the tariff between two countries so that US can purchase the crops and poultry with cheap price from Mexican, while Mexican can buy the cheap consumer product with high quality from US also. Thanks to NAFTA, agricultural exports to Canada and Mexico grew from 22% of total U.S. farm exports in 1993 to 30% in 2007. Standard living. NAFTAS goal is to reduce tariffs among Mexico, Canada, and the United States over a period of years, making it easier to trade goods across national borders, and increasing economic efficiency in North America. It clearly deserve the strong support of all those who believe in liberty and free markets. Moreover the standard living of people in those countries has risen day by day together with the demand of high quality produce comes from US (Freedman, 2004). NAFTA provides the free market with high demand of product, which will lead to the risen in the number of jobs needs. 25000 jobs are created for any additional billion dollars the US export. Over 150000 new jobs associated with NAFTA were reported during the last 5 years (Shahabbuhin, 2003). Nation policy. Free trade innovation will give nation the chance to step closer to each others and be more active in coordination. It also helps to reduce the rate of illegal immigration and international smuggling from nation to nation. Moreover, NAFTA protect the intellectual property right of members nation with their own policies regulations. Disadvantages. Job loss in United State. Many manufacturers in United State had to move jobs to lower-cost Mexico with lowered wages, manufacturers still competed in industries. NAFTA did not support enough for Mexican labour and environment protection and caused the lost of manufacturers 1.3 million farm jobs in Mexico. The organization exported corn and other grains with low-cost so Mexicos farms reduced output from 33.2% in 1990 below 13.2% in 2001. So many rural Mexico s farmers refused to cooperate with NAFTA because they could not compete with the other as well. Moreover because Mexicos labour were cheap, many manufacturers in United State chose to move the place they put all of their production line. It leads to the fact that bbetween 1994 and 2010; Mexico totalled $97.2 billion, were displacing 682,900 by U.S. jobs. About 80% manufacturers were in trouble situation such as: California, New York, Michigan and Texas. Besides, the companies did not move to Mexico they selected one of two options: belonging to the union or losing the factory. And they without supporting by the union so they had so many disadvantages to compete with little bargain power. Human right and nature. NAFTA opened many maquiladora programs where employees were paid low salary and exploited with more 12 working hours in a day. These workers have no labor rights or health protections, workdays stretch out 12 hours or more, and if you are a woman, you could be forced to take a pregnancy test when applying for a job, according to Continental Social Alliance. On the other hand, with manufacturing products influenced on environment directly in Mexico because of using fertilizers and other chemicals. So enviroment took pollution and they spent more 36 billion each year to deal with environmental consequences. NAFTA are many pros so the union should adapt and reduce bad effects to countries which belong to the one. IV. Conclusion. From the former paragraph we can see that NAFTA was established for 18 years from 1994. During this period, we can know NAFTA has its own advantages and disadvantages. In 10 years, NAFTA promotes the economy of Mexico, but Mexico still need a long time to catch up with another two countries. And Mexico should catch this chance and invest in education, telecom and innovation, America and Canada should avoid the risks to create the bigger business opportunities. All in all, NATFA should be kept and develop, it will promote the economy in North America.

Sound and The Fury :: Faulkner Sound and the Fury Essays

Sound and The Fury    William Faulkner's The Sound and The Fury is a complicated story of   tragedy, lies, and destruction.   The whole Compson family is filled with negativity and bad decisions.   The family is broken down little by little until it is finally destroyed.   Ms. Compson is supposed to be in control but she is a   neurotic self-centered woman that escapes responsibility by depending on Dilsey for every need.   Ms Compson also created hostility between the Family.      Jason, the head of the family since their father died, is always knowing but only cares for himself.   He is a cold, vicious, and openly cruel person, he values only himself and ways to make himself richer.   Part of the reason he is like this is because of the lack of attention he received as a child, and because of the fact that he was not able to attend Harvard.   Nevertheless, Jason does what is needed for his family to survive, he goes to work and earns the living for the entire family.   Jason also spends a tremendous amount of time in his room counting and reviewing his money.   The money was another big  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   motivation for Jason to take responsibility for his family. If that motivation was not there I don't think that Jason would have been as responsible. However, Jason does still represent hate and ruthlessness. Jason is not the only that deteriorates in this book, Ms. Compson represents insanity and delusion.   She has an imagi ned illness, she tries to control things around her including people and she complains very often.   Ms. Compson is also in denial of many things, she imagines that people think ill of her and that her husband never liked her brother.   The deterioration of each family member is solid and consistent even though they are all different.    Quentin thinks that he is going out of his head because of his sister Caddy.   While Caddy does not smell like trees to Benjy anymore because of her actions.   Quentin then finds out that Herbert cheated on his test for Harvard.   Herbert tries to bribe Quentin's so that no one will find out about his wrong doing.   Everything that has been done wrong has been tried to be covered up by that person in the family.

Affirmative Action: Preferential Treatment Essay

During the college process, students are advised in multiple ways on how to properly present themselves to draw the appeal of colleges. Whether it is by highlighting their awards, accomplishments or talents, students are constantly working on improving their resume. They were told that with good grades, extracurricular activities, and heart-warming essays that they would find success in being admitted into a prestigious university. However, there are various other factors that determine whether one is accepted or denied. An important and often scrutinized factor is the use of affirmative action in admissions. While affirmative action should not hold the weight it does in admissions currently, it seems that people are unaware of the other preferential treatments given to certain students. Afï ¬ rmative action in favor of underrepresented minorities has been a controversial topic debated and scrutinized by scholars, the media, and the public for many years. Two other preferential admissions programs have been less controversial but in widespread use; one involving giving an admissions boost to applicants with athletic skills and the other one to children of alumni, commonly known as â€Å"legacies†. As these various categories suggest, entry into selective institutions of higher education has never been decided purely on academic criteria—before or after minority afï ¬ rmative action came into effect. As the term â€Å"affirmative action† encompasses the ideal that institutions promote diversity and growth by including historically excluded groups in their admissions, legacy admissions and athletic admissions are considered â€Å"affirmative†. (Massey and Mooney 99-117) They do originate from very different motivations, but they bring non-academic criteria that impact the admissions process. Therefore, by attaching the label â€Å"afï ¬ rmative action† to legacy and athletic admissions, it is deliberately underscoring the fact that minorities are not the only social group to benefit from such a policy. Supporters of affirmative action claim that minority students, generally speaking, start out at a disadvantage in their college or job application process. They usually come from lower income families and, in turn, have fewer opportunities than those who go to private school. Some inner city youths had grown up in environments filled with crime, violence, and discouragement. Genuine, hard-working minority students are every bit as capable as white students, but because of these disadvantages, they may not have the same paper qualifications. Affirmative action evens the playing field a bit. (Massey and Mooney 99-117) Nonetheless, it was designed to end discrimination and unfair treatment of employees/students based on color, but it in effect does the opposite. Whites who work harder and/or are more qualified can be passed over strictly because they are white. Contrary to many stereotypes, many minorities fall into the middle or upper class, and many whites live in poverty. (Fletcher) Unfortunately, the way things are set up now, a poverty-stricken white student who uses discipline and hard work to become the best he can be can be passed over by a rich minority student who doesn’t put in much effort at all. Supporters also claim that some stereotypes may never be broken without affirmative action. For decades blacks were considered less capable than whites. It took affirmative action to give blacks the opportunity to show they are every bit as capable. However, if you were to ask Colin Powell, Barack Obama, or Oprah Winfrey how they got to where they today, I doubt they would respond with affirmative action. (Fletcher) It sets the idea that a minority cannot achieve full potential without the help of affirmative action and undermines their own abilities. Another claim supporters of affirmative use is that it draws people to places they would never have gone elsewise, bringing under-privileged students to Ivy League institution. But if a student is admitted on a lower basis, he will have less incentive to do well or have the inability to keep up with the work. Why work for that 4.0 GPA when he got in with sub-par grades? In this way, affirmative action is likened to students who are given a boost for being â€Å"legacies†, having a parent(s) attend the school previously. A survey conducted by H. M. Breland found that afï ¬ rmative action for children of alumni is practiced widely at both public and private institutions (Howell and Turner 325-351). A later survey conducted by Daniel Golden (2003) revealed that 23 percent of freshmen enrolled at Notre Dame were the children of alumni, with corresponding ï ¬ gures of 14 percent at Penn, 13 percent at Harvard, 11 percent at Princeton, and 11 percent at the University of Virgini a (Howell and Turner 325-351). These numbers seem to be relatively modest; however, they belie the relatively small amount of applicants legacies hold. When documenting the number of applicants, it is easily seen that children of alumni benefit from greater admissions rates. According to studies by William G. Bowen and Derek Bok (1998), legacies had a two to one admissions advantage over non-legacies. Likewise, Cameron Howell and Sarah E. Turner (2004) document a similar advantage at the University of Virginia, where only 32 percent of regular applicants were admitted compared with 57 percent of alumni children. As a result, the freshman class of 2002 was 7 percent legacy, compared with 3 percent African American, even though the state is 20 percent black. (Massey and Mooney 99-117) The unfairness that follows legacy admissions is what many feel towards affirmative action as well. By giving blacks/Hispanics an obvious advantage in the admissions process, it breeds resentment and underestimation of them. In the same way legacies are generalized as â€Å"dumb rich kids†, recipients of affirmative action are seen as undeserving. (Massey and Mooney 99-117) It seems to say that they wouldn’t have been able to be admitted into the school elsewise, thus increasing the pressure put onto these students. The consequences translate to students being unable to handle the workload. By turning away highly qualified Asian/white students in favor of less qualified black/Hispanic students, it is not fair for either race. According to Dr. Richard Sander, Professor of Law at UCLA, blacks are two and a half times more likely than whites not to graduate and are four times more likely to fail the bar exam on the first try. (Fletcher) To fulfill their thirst for diversity, colleges often recruit students from below the median. As a result, they are ill equipped to handle the pressures of such a rigorous school and have a smaller chance of graduating. It is not to say that affirmative action is not needed. A homogenous population would make for an unproductive and unmoving student body. Diversity is needed for growth and experiences that differ. In this way, you can see the clear advantage of affirmative action over legacy admissions. Despite affirmative action being flawed, the advantage is at least given to, who is supposed to be, the disadvantaged party. Legacy admissions should have no place in the college admissions world. It is giving an advantage to students who are probably are not in great need of it if their parents attended a prestigious university Supporters of legacy admissions claim that donations from alumni contribute to building renovations and technological upgrades, as well as supporting financial aid programs for many financially disadvantaged students. (Golden) Legacy students are also thought to better understand the sense of tradition of the university and embody the values that the university has traditiona lly supported. That sounds good, but how true is it? Three elite schools that are big on legacy preferences – Harvard, Princeton, and Yale – rank near the bottom when it comes to the percentage of students from poorer families they have, according to Professor Jerome Karabel in his book The Chosen: The Hidden History of Admission and Exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton. (Steinberg) Good students from poor families are often deprived of admission because of the legacy tradition — they are less frequently helped by the additional funds that the legacy tradition brings to the school. Contrary to what legacy defenders argue, it is doubtful that dropping legacy preferences has any significant impact on donations to a university. Texas A&M and the University of Georgia are among the large universities that have abandoned legacy preferences and neither has suffered a detectable decline in support. (Howell and Turner 325-351) In addition, Massey and Mooney found that, â€Å"In schools with a stronger commitment to legacy admissions, the children of alumni were more likely to drop out. Ironically, the only evidence we find of a skills mismatch is for the children of alumni. The greater the gap between a legacy student’s SAT and the institutional average SAT, the lower the grades he or she earned, though the effect size was modest. (99-117) They compared the number of hours studied per week, the â€Å"psychological performance burden† reported by students, grades earned by students through the end of their sophomore year, and the likelihood of students dropping out of school by spring of their junior year. The study concluded that legacies who were given a greater admissions bonus earned lower grades once admitted, a fact which surprised many, including some admissions officials. (99-117) However, although affirmative action and legacy treatment are both found to be large non-academic factors in the college admissions process, athletic skill is one often overlooked and not discussed. It is common knowledge that the number of students who excel in both academics and athletics is too small for schools to fill spots with only student athletes who meet usual admissions standards. Athletes were shown to have had a 48% better chance of admission than regular students with similar academic achievements in high school and similar standardized test score in studies done during 1999. In comparison, â€Å"legacies,† bore only a 25% better chance of admission and minorities stood only an 18% better chance of admission. (Ferris, Finster, and McDonald 555-575) The simplest method to view the different standards used for recruited athletes is to acknowledge the statistics of Division I athletes in â€Å"high profile† sports, such as football and basketball at public universities. These students have SAT scores that average almost 250 points than their non-athletic counterparts. While not as extreme, athletes participating in other sports such as golf, tennis, and swimming average about 100 points less than regular students on standardized test scores. (Dolinsky) The way that a majority of these student athletes gain admissions is through â€Å"special admit† programs designed by the school to accept a group of applicants who do not meet the standard criteria. From 2003 to 2006, more than half of the â€Å"special admits† scholarship athletes at San Diego State University had lower standardized test scores and high school GPAs than other admitted students. In the San Diego State admissions process, students with insufficient credentials may be accepted based on other factors such as socioeconomic background, local residency, and other special talents. However, between fall 2003 and spring 2006, of the 248 â€Å"special admit† students admitted by San Diego State, only 105 were given admission intentionally. The rest of the students granted admission had been the result of various processing errors and of those 105 that were given intentional admission, they were all athletes. (Ferris, Finster, and McDonald 555-575) If there is one thing that is clear, it is that the preferential treatment given to athletes in the admissions process does have its consequences. One potential consequence of admitting student athletes with academic credentials below their peers is the risk of academic underperformance by these athletes. (Dolinsky) Similar to those shown with students of affirmative action, statistics are clear in showcasing that athletes are underperforming once they arrive on college campuses. Recently, as more athletes got into schools through advantages in the admissions process, their collegiate GPAs began to suffer, with a majority of athletes placing in the bottom quarter of their classes. In contrast, only 9% of athletes finish in the top third of their class. (Espenshade, Chung, and Walling 1422–1446) To further exhibit the correlation between preferential treatment in the admissions process and academic underperformance, a study shows that student athletes generally choose so-called â€Å"easy† majors—such as social sciences—rather than the â€Å"harder† majors such as math, science, and engineering. One argument for explaining academic underperformance, other than the fact that athletes arrive at college with noticeably lower academic credentials, is that student athletes face the rigors and responsibilities of playing a sport, practicing, and trying to divide time between athletics and academics. However, this argument may have little merit as statistics show that an analogous group to student athletes—students who participate in several extracurricular activities—do not underperform at the level of student athletes. (Dolinsky) Although this analogy may not account for different types of students who are athletes as compared to those students who are heavily involved on campus, the comparison tends to show that the time that athletes spend with their respective sports does not prove, in itself, to be a clear reason for academic underperformance. Additionally student athletes already receive a multitude of benefits not given to normal students. Often times, they are given priority registration, extra tutoring, and even separate housing. With the benefit of these extra luxuries, athletes should be able to properly their manage their time to balance academics and their sport. It is not difficult to see the correlation between underperformance at the high school level and underperformance at the college level. Nor is it difficult to see the correlation between the admission of athletes having below-average test scores and high school GPAs and underperformance at the college level. Perhaps this is an unfair stereotype, but there is a reason that this stereotype exists and there is evidence to back it up. What is the price that is paid? One example is Dexter Manley, former professional football player for the Washington Redskins. Manley testified in front of the United States Senate that he could not read, despite being admitted and staying at Oklahoma State University for four years. (Espenshade, Chung, and Walling 1422–1446) By admitting students who are not qualified to handle the workload of an undergraduate institution, the ones that are hurt the most are some of the ones who â€Å"benefit.† Through each of these policies, certain students are given a â€Å"pull† in the college admissions office over other students. In comparison, these three programs are very similar in how they offer students an advantage in the system. Each program requires that you fulfill a certain requirement, which is the basis for their policy. They are all affirmative action policies that factor in something non-academic into your rejection or acceptance. With racial affirmative action being the most controversial and widely discussed, it has seemed that the other two have slipped underneath the radar. All three contribute to a discrepancy in the student body that will continue to grow unless awareness is created. Although in a perfect world, students wouldn’t have to worry about such factors, we live in a society where the slightest differences can make or break you. Whatever the effects of afï ¬ rmative action in raising or lowering the odds of academic success, the students should be aware and know exactly what they are going to get themselves into. Works Cited Dolinsky, Anna. â€Å"Affirmative Action for Athletes? Jan 12, 2001.† The Yale Herald. Web. 18 Nov. 2011. . Espenshade, Thomas J., Chung, Chang Y. and Walling, Joan L., Admission Preferences for Minority Students, Athletes, and Legacies at Elite Universities. Social Science Quarterly, No. 85 (2004): 1422–1446. Ferris, Eric, Finster, Mark and McDonald, David. â€Å"Academic Fit of Student-Athletes: An Analysis of Ncaa Division I-A Graduation Rates.† Research in Higher Education Vol. 45. No. 6 (Sep., 2004): pp. 555-575. Fletcher, Michael A. â€Å"Washingtonpost.com: Affirmative Action Special Report.† Washington Post: Breaking News, World, US, DC News & Analysis. The Washington Post, 18 June 1998. Web. 18 Nov. 2011. . Golden, Daniel. â€Å"The Wall Street Journal Classroom Edition.† CLassroomEdition.com. The Wall Street Journal, Apr. 2003. Web. 18 Nov. 2011. . Howell, Cameron. and Turner, Sarah E. â€Å"Legacies in Black and White: The Racial Composition of the Legacy Pool.† Research in Higher Education Vol. 45. No. 4 (Jun., 2004): pp. 325-351 Massey, Douglas S., and Mooney, Margarita. â€Å"The Effects of America’s Three Affirmative Action Programs on Academic Performance.† Social Problems Vol. 54. No. 1 (February 2007): pp. 99-117 Steinberg, Jacques. â€Å"‘Affirmative Action for the Rich’ – NYTimes.com.† College Admissions Advice – The Choice Blog – NYTimes.com. The New York Times, 23 Sept. 2011. Web. 18 Nov. 2011. .