Porters 5 Forces for Car2go Project in Osaka, Japan

Introduction The use of Porter’s five forces in analyzing the business plans is something that is today almost synonymous to the process of strategic marketing planning. These five forces, advanced by the renowned macroeconomist and Harvard scholar; Michael E. Porter in 1979, essentially help in guiding business planners on what to expect in their new business ventures and how they should handle their challenges as well as opportunities.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Porter’s 5 Forces for Car2go Project in Osaka, Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These forces are: Threat of New Entrants, Bargaining Power of Suppliers, Bargaining Power of Buyers, Rivalry among Existing Competitors, and Threat of Substitute Products or Services as summarised in the diagram below. A circumspective analysis of these forces, in relations to the proposed Car2go project in Osaka, Japan, is succinctly done below. Main Discussion Threat of New Entrants In essence, the arena of transportation (both public and private) is flooded with constant entry of new entrants based on the ever increasing need for people to move from one place to another. As a result, there is always a ready market for new entrants. Osaka, Japan being a reportedly business hubbub, entry of new competitors is bound to happen and we therefore have to be ready and prepared to deal with that. To deal with the above challenge, Car2go plans to widen the scope of its businesses such that the entry of new competitors will not have much effect to their business endeavors. Pilot programs of these new diversifications are already underway in the current branch in terms of their products and services. By the time we move into Osaka, Japan, the company will have already known the relevant and fitting plans to put in place while also being aware of the ones to be ignored. Bargaining Power of Suppliers In assessing the aspect of d ealing with the bargaining power of suppliers, we have to chiefly consider the elements of cost and time to be utilized in the project. Given the fact that Car2go already has working system of suppliers that get to internationally supply the company in countries and regions like U.S.A, U.K, Canada, Germany, France, Austria and Netherlands; the company intends to use the same suppliers for purposes of cost and time efficacy.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, there are instances that there may be complications like delays by the suppliers or even jurisdictional restriction by traffic laws thus limiting some transportations (Watanabe 4-7). In times like these, new suppliers will be required so that the company is able to duly serve its new customers at Osaka, Japan. To this regard, Car2go will therefore have to increase the number of suppliers so as not to be af fected by any market fluctuations. Bargaining Power of Buyers Studies by our market researchers indicate that a good number of public and private transportation and car rental companies exist in Osaka, Japan. With the rise in the number of outlets offering products and services similar to Car2go, customers will have a wide range of options to choose from. In effect, this will result into a price war ultimately favouring customers. In other words, the customers will have a high bargaining power thus making cost-plans for quite challenging for service providers. In regard to our case, Car2go is renowned for having good prices for its buyers. This good price system will be replicated in the Osaka, Japan so no difficulty is expected. Rivalry among Existing Competitors As glimpsed in the previous section, Osaka, Japan already has a significant number of companies offering products and similar to ours. Rivalry from these existing competitors is bound to fierce and expectedly tough. Howeve r, scholarly and market reports from various quarters indicate that Car2go is reputed for having good relations with other market players so very minimal challenges are expected. Even more importantly, the existing players only act as a motivation for Car2go to work extra hard—something which is bound to ensure that continuous progress ensues. Our good brand name in car rentals services as well as in both public and private transportation will also be a plus for Car2go in edging off the competition from the existing competitors. Threat of Substitute Products or Services In today’s fast growing and highly competitive market of transportation, there is need for organizations to adopt an effective strategy for marketing in order to gain revenues and gain competitive advantage as well as meet its operational goals (Czinkota Ronkainen 186-190). This is driven by the presence of competition among companies for the already relatively-full market. A company that has inferior products and services rarely attains success, or survives in such a market (Porter 201-205). This occurs since those companies that have effective marketing strategies win a large pool of customers in comparison to those companies that have weak marketing strategies.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Porter’s 5 Forces for Car2go Project in Osaka, Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Over time, success in Car2go is usually measured in terms of gains (market share, revenues), and meeting operational goals. So, in order to fulfil these vital aspects of success, we intend to implement a diversification plan which entails venturing into other regions while bettering its product and services. In effect, the threat of substitute products or services will be thwarted while the company’s targets are met thus ensuring that we achieve overall success. Summary Just like most business ventures, our pro ject plans, in regard to Porter’s 5 Forces, may result in success or failure. It is for this reason that this plan calls for everyone involved to ardently play his/her part. It is only by doing this that we can have some assurance that our plans will be foolproof of the usual market hiccups and the never-ending economic challenges. Additionally, as seen in many other companies who have followed the formula we are proposing to institute the new branch in Osaka, Japan; we expect some copycat competition from our numerous competitors after we launch our branch. So in order to stay a step ahead of such competitors, we are planning to periodically revolutionize our operations after commencement in Osaka, Japan. Revolutionizing and bettering the myriad of facets entailed in Porter’s 5 forces will definitely offer Car2go competitive advantage over other market players. Finally, it is worth noting that the Japanese market, to be specific, and the Asian market, in general, is h ighly dynamic and sophisticated. In order to survive in it, we not only intend to use strategies that have previously worked in our other branches but we also intend to customize and adapt our transportation products and services to the existing market intricacies. This way, our success will be highly guaranteed. Works Cited Czinkota, Michael R., Ronkainen, Ilkka A. International Market. 8th Ed. 2007. London: Cengage Learning, Print. Porter, Michael E. Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance: with a New Introduction. New York: Free Press, 1998. Print. Watanabe, Ryo. Overview of the Public Transport System and Policy in Japan. 2-3 Mar. 2005. Web. https://www.itf-oecd.org/.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This research paper on Porter’s 5 Forces for Car2go Project in Osaka, Japan was written and submitted by user Cayson Nolan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Syntax

Syntax Introduction to semantic roles Semantic roles are parts that participants play in certain circumstances (Dang Palmer, 2005, p.42). They express the relationship that a constituent has with the rest of the clause. The main verbs in a clause are normally responsible for expressing this relationship. Semantic roles include; agents, patients, location, instruments, causer, experiencer, theme, benefactee, source, and goal (2005, p.43).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Syntax-Semantic Roles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An agent is the participant that the verb describes as doing or intentionally causing something (Gildea Jurafsky, 2002,p.249). Kim ate the food hurriedly. The boy hit the wall. In the sentences above, Kim and the boy are the agents. Kim does the act of eating while the boy intentionally hits the wall. The causer, on the other hand, is the participant that the verb identifies as causing someth ing but not intentionally (Gildea Jurafsky, 2002,p.250). In the examples shown below, the stone does not have any intention to destroy the house; neither does the fire in burning the crops. The stone destroyed the house.Advertising Looking for critical writing on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The fire burnt the crops. According to Gildea and Jurafsky (2002, p.250), the instrument is the medium which the agent uses to carry out the action the predicator denotes. The bat in the sentence below is the instrument. Humphrey hit the ball with a bat. The experiencer is the participant who is aware of something or experiencing something. This participant is normally animate and unintentionally perceives sensory stimuli or state of mind (Gildea Jurafsky, 2002, p.251). The student felt uncomfortable in church. The student unintentionally feels bad while in church. The patient is the participant to whom an actio n happens (Gildea, Jurafsky, 2002,p.249). The action that the verb denotes affects the patient. In the sentence â€Å"The boy hit the ball,† The ball is the patient because the action of hitting affects it directly.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Syntax-Semantic Roles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Gildea and Jurafsky (2002, p.249) define a theme as the participant whom the verb describes as being dynamic or in a state or position. â€Å"Post† is the theme in this sentence. The post rolled into the river. The Recipient is an endpoint of the act of transferring an item (Gildea Jurafsky, 2002, p.249). John is the recipient in this sentence. He receives a letter from Amos. Amos sent a letter to John. The Benefactee is the participant who benefits from the results of an action (Gildea Jurafsky, 2002, p.249). John is a benefactee in this sentence. John benefits from the act of buying the sh irt. I bought a nice shirt for John. Location is normally a noun phrase that specifies the position of an item (Gildea Jurafsky, 2002,p.250). A location verb normally accompanies the agent in specifying this position. In the sentence, â€Å"Jim put his books on the table.† â€Å"Put† is the verb of location while the table is the location.Advertising Looking for critical writing on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The source is the participant from which motion originates. It is, therefore, the starting point of a movement or action (Gildea Jurafsky, 2002, p.250). When someone says, â€Å"We expect to get a loan from the bank.† Then â€Å"the bank† becomes the source in this sentence. Gildea and Jurafsky (2002, p.249) define the goal as the destination or the end point of a movement or an action. The bank is the goal in the sentence below since the participants direct their action towards the bank. We took the director to the bank to withdraw money for the salaries. Semantic roles and Passive constructions The GB theory argues that there is a similarity in both active and passive constructions (Black, 1999, p.29). According to this theory, the semantic roles of the lexicons in the sentence can help bring out these similarities in active and passive constructions. This means every constituent has a semantic role and an extra role for the subject (1999, p.30). The theory further observes that some verbs do not give a semantic role to the position of the subject. The GB theory also proposes that forms that relate to each other share a sub categorization frame and, therefore, there ought not to be cross linking of semantic roles and syntactic categories. This means that it is a crime to assign the theme to both the subject and the object in entries that relate to each other (1999). Black (1999, p.30) argues that the theme is always the direct object while the indirect object is always the recipient. Another assumption allows an item to move out of a position but forbids the replacement of another item in that position (Black, 1999, p.30). This, therefore, means, the semantic role remains in its former position and does not move with the outgoing phrase. The semantic role is, therefore, a constituent of the lexical sub categorization (1999, p.30). This theory forbids an element from moving into a position that relates to a semantic role because it makes the ne w occupant of the position take over that role, thus changing the linking that was originally there. The proponent of the GB theory agrees with earlier theorists that only transitive verbs have passive forms (Black, 1999, p.31). Therefore, no lexical rule can generate a passive form from intransitive verbs. Lexical rules normally help in illustrating generalizations such as this one about the relationship between passive forms and transitive verbs. In a sentence like; John was invited to the party by Jane, a rule like this one below can help illustrate the generalizations. V [+pass], [_ NP X (PP [to]) (PP[by]) ] Theme Goal Agent Sometimes, there is the need for interchanging the subject and object positions. This is possible especially when the subject position has no semantic role at the D-structure and has no lexicon to fill it (Black, 1999, p.32). This agrees with the Principle of No Loss of Information. Normally, a trace remains behind to retain the link between the object and t he related semantic role (1999, p.32). Unaccusative Clauses There is the need to distinguish between categories of intransitive verbs. To do this, it is important to determine whether the noun phrase in the position of the subject does the action or the action affects it (Black, 1999, p.32). John feels good. Jean collapsed. The plate broke. John broke the handle. In the first example above, feels is an ordinary intransitive verb whose subject, John, is an Agent. On the other hand, John just collapsed. He did not do anything to make himself collapse. Therefore, in the second example, the subject has the role of the theme. In the third and fourth examples, the breaking affects â€Å"the plate† and â€Å"the handle†. â€Å"The plate† and â€Å"the handle† take the theme role. In the third example, the action is unaccusative while, in the fourth, it is transitive. The verb â€Å"Feels† has an Agent in the position of the subject, while â€Å"collapseà ¢â‚¬  has nothing in this position but has a theme object and â€Å"break† has an agent that is optional. Raising constructions This category involves verbs that have a finite or non-finite complement, but do not give semantic roles to their normative positions (Black, 1999). Raising verbs include likely and seem (1999, p.33). The use of the pronoun â€Å"it† shows the lack of semantic roles especially in cases when a complement that is finite is in use. In cases where a complement that is non-finite is present, the subject of the dependent clause takes the position of the independent clause. Conclusion The most important part of this topic is the meaning of the various semantic roles; agent, source, goal, theme etc. The other thing is to know the rules that guide the movement of lexical items from one position to the other. It is important to know that there should be no cross linking of semantic roles and syntactic categories in related forms. This topic also stress es that an item is free to move out of a position, but the position should not be filled by another item. This helps avert the problem of altering the semantic role of that position. The semantic roles discussed should be used to bring out the similarities between active and passive constructions. This work also reveals that the noun phrase occupying the subject position does not have to be doing an action. Sometimes the action of the verb affects it. The NP can, therefore, be an agent or the theme. References Black, C. A. (1999). A step-by-step introduction to the Government and Binding theory of syntax. Summer Institute of Linguistics-Mexico Branch and University of North Dakota. www. sil. Org/americas/mexico/ling/E002-IntroGB. Pdf. Dang, H. T., Palmer, M. (2005, June). The role of semantic roles in disambiguating verb senses. In Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics (pp. 42-49). Association for Computational Linguistics. Gildea, D., Jurafsky, D. (2002). Automatic labeling of semantic roles. Computational linguistics, 28(3), 245-288.