Child Support Enforcement One Law Does Not Fit All Free Essays

Single parents are becoming the norm these days and the government has stepped in to assist these custodial parents to make things fair. It takes two people to make a child so it seems only fair that two people support the child financially, right? I am a single mother. My daughter’s father, Donnie, and I were never married and weren’t together at the time of her birth. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Support Enforcement: One Law Does Not Fit All or any similar topic only for you Order Now He wasn’t around to sign the birth certificate so I had to go through DFS to fill paperwork out to get support payments from him after our daughter (Nathalia) was born. When I filled out the CSE (Child Support Enforcement) paperwork the case was being handled by a caseworker in Jefferson City, MO. I gave the caseworker Donnie’s address about four months after our daughter’s birth. Nothing was done and I assumed they were having trouble getting hold of him. When Nathalia was five years old my case was moved to a caseworker in Columbia who called and got the information from me again and I received paternity paperwork within the month. The way it works is the noncustodial parent only has to pay from the time the paperwork showing paternity was sent. I had tried to contact Nathalia’s father to start visitation. He came around for one hour a week for about two months then just stopped. He paid the arrearage for support payments after facing criminal charges for non-payment of support payments, and being threatened with a year in jail if the support was not paid. I feel no sympathy. Now he is back to not making the payments. On the other hand I have a friend (Jessica, fictional name) who has a five year old daughter (Hannah, fictional name) whose father has been in and out of jail for child support non-payment. He has a relationship with Hannah and has care of her fifty percent of the time. The government wants to put him back in jail for arrearage on Hannah and two of his other children. Jessica has lost her health insurance due to not signing papers that would have him arrested. With these two cases the fathers are very different. One is an absentee father who quits jobs to avoid paying his support payments, the other a father who is very much in his child’s life and is a positive influence. Both fathers are being treated equally in the eyes of the State. But which father deserves the jail time? In an article by Jeff Minerd, â€Å"A Kinder, Gentler Look at ‘Deadbeat Dads’,† he states â€Å"In 1950, about 20% of children lived apart from their father; that figure is now approaching 50%† (8). This article was printed in 1999 so the percentage of children not living with their father has likely increased. The increase is due to many reasons. Some of the reasons may include death, divorce, and never-married couples. With the number of children who do not live with their fathers rising it only stands to reason that the number of cases the CSE (Child Support Enforcement) is handling is increasing as well. According to the Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Office of Child Support Enforcement, one of their goals is â€Å". . . to emphasize that children need to have both parents in their lives. . . † (Handbook). If this is true then why is the father who is a positive influence and is present in his child’s life having to deal with the possibility of going back to jail for past child support non-payment, but the father who wants nothing to do with his daughter and doesn’t pay his child support as ordered gets off with a slap on the wrist? Child support enforcement should look more in depth at each case before taking actions against a non-custodial father. The Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Office of Child Support Enforcement states â€Å"Although the function of the CSE program is to collect and distribute child support payments, throughout the Handbook [sic]we hope to give the message that children fare best when both parents play an active, supportive role in their lives† (1). The government claims that the actions they take against non-custodial parents are to assist in getting families to work together to make children’s lives better. But according to Jeff Minerd, â€Å"Government enforcement of child support can have the effect of separating fathers from their children† (8). Minerd also states that it is more supported to go after the â€Å"low-income† fathers because it gets the mothers off of State welfare monies. With â€Å"middle-class† mothers it isn’t so supported to go after the fathers because it doesn’t help the State with the amount of money being paid out because they aren’t on welfare (8). So is their mission to help keep families connected or is it to get the money back that they are giving to the low-income families? The first reason CSE should handle these cases case by case is that if actions are taken that cause the father to be resentful it could harm the relationship between the parents and the child. Actions taken by the state can come between the custodial mother and the non-custodial parent. As Cindy Elmore states in her article â€Å"On and On, Over and Over: The Gender War in Child Support Enforcement Court,† â€Å"We’re all crowded together waiting for the courtroom doors to be unlocked, but the women don’t talk to the men, and the men ignore the women† (397). The line of communication between the parents is destroyed by feelings of resentment and arguments that arise from court dates and state demands. Arguments between the parents also harm the child. Even if the parents do not argue in front of the child, the child will still feel the tension and know something is wrong. Feelings of resentment toward being forced to do something may also disturb the relationship between father and child. If the father is arguing about how much to pay and how often with the mother it may cause the father to stop coming around the child. In my situation Nathalia’s dad, Donnie, got upset about the amount and when I couldn’t change it he just cut all contact. The way his support amount was determined was a paper was filled out on the amount of money it took to raise Nathalia. Then the amount I made and the amount he made were taken into consideration. Since I made more my percentage of responsibility was larger. Then they take the percentage left to raise her after subtracting mine and he is responsible for that. So there was nothing I could do to request they lower the payments. We had many arguments relating to this. Another was that he was afraid the State would go after property that he owned. According to the Handbook on Child Support Enforcement liens can be placed on property the non-custodial parent owns in the county (26) and can also take State and Federal Income Tax refunds to pay back child support (29). So it could happen but not if he pays his support payments on a regular basis. When I kept refusing to ask if his payments could be lowered he stopped calling Nathalia and stopped coming to visit her. Second, if a father is active in a child’s life and is a positive influence leniency should be given. Pushing a father to make payments higher than he can make then sending him to jail until it is paid, when he is active in the child’s life, will only harm the child. In â€Å"Child Support Enforcement and Father Involvement for Children in Never-Married Mother. Families† Chien-Chung Huang states, â€Å"Although there are no studies on changes in father-child contact for children in never-married mother families over time, studies find that about one-third of children saw their fathers at least once a month but another third of children had no contact at all with their fathers† (99). If there are such big chunks of the population receiving child support that have similar situations with the non-custodial parent, shouldn’t the different types have different ways of handling the cases? A father that is helping his child with homework every other week shouldn’t be held to the same treatment as a father who has no contact with his child by his own choice. Speaking from experience, I know that if I my daughter’s father was involved in my daughter’s life in a positive way and they had a healthy relationship I would not mind so much if there was a payment missed here or there. A child’s life can be so much fuller with positive influences from both the mother and the father figures in their lives. Third, if the system states that they are trying to get fathers more active in the child’s life through child support enforcement then if they don’t see what is going on before ordering something to be done, they won’t succeed. Jeff Minerd does not think that child support should not be enforced, â€Å"However, the harsh treatment of low-income fathers may make them hostile and resentful of the mothers, children, and government authority† (8). If a low-income father is ordered to pay what the CSE considers to be fair what happens if the father isn’t even making enough to make the payments? Is he to be held to the same standards as a father that keeps quitting his job to avoid making his payments? What if the father gets remarried? According to Hans and Coleman in the article â€Å"The Experiences of Remarried Stepfathers Who Pay Child Support,† â€Å"Remarriage magnified feelings of disempowerment and introduced additional complexities to existing child support arrangements† (613). When fathers remarry it adds more financial responsibility, especially if they have more kids in the new marriage or if there are stepchildren in the marriage. When the Child Support Enforcement Agency takes harsh actions against non-custodial parents it starts a chain of events that can destroy the relationship between the parents. The resentment the father feels for being forced to comply with what the state orders can cause a rift between the father and the custodial mother. In cases like mine it may have caused a rift so large that my daughter may never see her father again. She doesn’t understand why her father doesn’t come and see her any more. A couple of months ago she made up a reason of her own, it was because he was sick. Just last week a new reason came up. She told me he died and that is why he doesn’t come over anymore. I don’t know where she got this but I do know that it is her way of dealing with her feelings. I don’t know what to tell her when she says this. If I tell her that he is alive what reason do I give her when she then asks why he doesn’t see her anymore? Perhaps if the enforcement of the child support was handled differently she would still have a father that was active in her life. How to cite Child Support Enforcement: One Law Does Not Fit All, Essays

Components of the Research Methodology-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.How would an understanding of research philosophy benefit organizations prior to, during and after the research project? 2.What are the key components of the research methodology? 3.Why is it important to address all the key components when writing a research methodology? 4.How might omissions within a research methodology flaw a research project? Answers: 1.Research philosophy refers to the development of knowledge related to the research. Research philosophy helps the organizations prior to research project by indicating all the methods used while conducting the research process that are dependent upon the research philosophy. The understanding of research philosophy is extremely useful for the organizations as it enables the researchers to select the most appropriate type of research methodology during the research project and helps them in avoiding inappropriate as well as unrelated works (Mackey and Gass 2015). It helps the researcher to develop his or her knowledge in a particular field, which ultimately results in more appropriate and reliable research results after the research project. Therefore, research methodology helps the organizations to obtain appropriate and reliable information from the researchers. 2.The following are the key components of research methodology: Research approach: Research approach refers to the manner in which the researcher advances towards during the research process. Research approach is basically of two types namely inductive and deductive. Research design: Research design refers to the manner in which the researcher interprets the results obtained from the data analysis process, which is dependent upon the aims and objectives of the research. It is basically of three types namely exploratory, explanatory and descriptive. Data collection process: Data collection process involves determining the sources from which the data shall be collected. Data can be collected basically from two sources namely primary source and secondary source (Flick 2015). Sampling method: In case of primary data collection method, it is necessary to determine the appropriate sampling method so that the most relevant data is obtained from the most suitable respondents chosen for the research process. 3.It is necessary to address all the key components when writing a research methodology as the relevancy of the information obtained from the research process largely depends on the selection of the appropriate key components. The researcher is required to choose the most appropriate research approach, design, data collection method and sampling method so that the most appropriate and relevant data is obtained after the completion of the research, which fulfills the aims and objectives of the research (Silverman 2016) 4.The errors of omission refer to the situations wherein someone or something is missed, which was necessary to be considered or included in the research process. Error of omission has a negative impact on the reliability of the data or information obtained from conducting the research process (Lewis, Thornhill and Saunders 2012). Omissions challenge the authenticity of the data or information obtained from conducting a research process and the entire effort of the researcher becomes vague (Smith 2015). Therefore, it is necessary for the researchers to ensure that the research process is free from the error of omission so that the authenticity and reliability of the research can be maintained. References: Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Lewis, M., Thornhill, P. and Saunders, A., 2012.Research Methods for Business Students. 6th ed. London: Publisher: Pearson; 6 edition (2012), pp.Pages: 126 -137; Pages: 143 -149; Pages: 158 - 196; Pages: 208-219. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015. Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Silverman, D. ed., 2016. Qualitative research. Sage. Smith, J.A. ed., 2015. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage

Porters 5 Forces for Car2go Project in Osaka, Japan

Introduction The use of Porter’s five forces in analyzing the business plans is something that is today almost synonymous to the process of strategic marketing planning. These five forces, advanced by the renowned macroeconomist and Harvard scholar; Michael E. Porter in 1979, essentially help in guiding business planners on what to expect in their new business ventures and how they should handle their challenges as well as opportunities.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Porter’s 5 Forces for Car2go Project in Osaka, Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These forces are: Threat of New Entrants, Bargaining Power of Suppliers, Bargaining Power of Buyers, Rivalry among Existing Competitors, and Threat of Substitute Products or Services as summarised in the diagram below. A circumspective analysis of these forces, in relations to the proposed Car2go project in Osaka, Japan, is succinctly done below. Main Discussion Threat of New Entrants In essence, the arena of transportation (both public and private) is flooded with constant entry of new entrants based on the ever increasing need for people to move from one place to another. As a result, there is always a ready market for new entrants. Osaka, Japan being a reportedly business hubbub, entry of new competitors is bound to happen and we therefore have to be ready and prepared to deal with that. To deal with the above challenge, Car2go plans to widen the scope of its businesses such that the entry of new competitors will not have much effect to their business endeavors. Pilot programs of these new diversifications are already underway in the current branch in terms of their products and services. By the time we move into Osaka, Japan, the company will have already known the relevant and fitting plans to put in place while also being aware of the ones to be ignored. Bargaining Power of Suppliers In assessing the aspect of d ealing with the bargaining power of suppliers, we have to chiefly consider the elements of cost and time to be utilized in the project. Given the fact that Car2go already has working system of suppliers that get to internationally supply the company in countries and regions like U.S.A, U.K, Canada, Germany, France, Austria and Netherlands; the company intends to use the same suppliers for purposes of cost and time efficacy.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, there are instances that there may be complications like delays by the suppliers or even jurisdictional restriction by traffic laws thus limiting some transportations (Watanabe 4-7). In times like these, new suppliers will be required so that the company is able to duly serve its new customers at Osaka, Japan. To this regard, Car2go will therefore have to increase the number of suppliers so as not to be af fected by any market fluctuations. Bargaining Power of Buyers Studies by our market researchers indicate that a good number of public and private transportation and car rental companies exist in Osaka, Japan. With the rise in the number of outlets offering products and services similar to Car2go, customers will have a wide range of options to choose from. In effect, this will result into a price war ultimately favouring customers. In other words, the customers will have a high bargaining power thus making cost-plans for quite challenging for service providers. In regard to our case, Car2go is renowned for having good prices for its buyers. This good price system will be replicated in the Osaka, Japan so no difficulty is expected. Rivalry among Existing Competitors As glimpsed in the previous section, Osaka, Japan already has a significant number of companies offering products and similar to ours. Rivalry from these existing competitors is bound to fierce and expectedly tough. Howeve r, scholarly and market reports from various quarters indicate that Car2go is reputed for having good relations with other market players so very minimal challenges are expected. Even more importantly, the existing players only act as a motivation for Car2go to work extra hard—something which is bound to ensure that continuous progress ensues. Our good brand name in car rentals services as well as in both public and private transportation will also be a plus for Car2go in edging off the competition from the existing competitors. Threat of Substitute Products or Services In today’s fast growing and highly competitive market of transportation, there is need for organizations to adopt an effective strategy for marketing in order to gain revenues and gain competitive advantage as well as meet its operational goals (Czinkota Ronkainen 186-190). This is driven by the presence of competition among companies for the already relatively-full market. A company that has inferior products and services rarely attains success, or survives in such a market (Porter 201-205). This occurs since those companies that have effective marketing strategies win a large pool of customers in comparison to those companies that have weak marketing strategies.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Porter’s 5 Forces for Car2go Project in Osaka, Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Over time, success in Car2go is usually measured in terms of gains (market share, revenues), and meeting operational goals. So, in order to fulfil these vital aspects of success, we intend to implement a diversification plan which entails venturing into other regions while bettering its product and services. In effect, the threat of substitute products or services will be thwarted while the company’s targets are met thus ensuring that we achieve overall success. Summary Just like most business ventures, our pro ject plans, in regard to Porter’s 5 Forces, may result in success or failure. It is for this reason that this plan calls for everyone involved to ardently play his/her part. It is only by doing this that we can have some assurance that our plans will be foolproof of the usual market hiccups and the never-ending economic challenges. Additionally, as seen in many other companies who have followed the formula we are proposing to institute the new branch in Osaka, Japan; we expect some copycat competition from our numerous competitors after we launch our branch. So in order to stay a step ahead of such competitors, we are planning to periodically revolutionize our operations after commencement in Osaka, Japan. Revolutionizing and bettering the myriad of facets entailed in Porter’s 5 forces will definitely offer Car2go competitive advantage over other market players. Finally, it is worth noting that the Japanese market, to be specific, and the Asian market, in general, is h ighly dynamic and sophisticated. In order to survive in it, we not only intend to use strategies that have previously worked in our other branches but we also intend to customize and adapt our transportation products and services to the existing market intricacies. This way, our success will be highly guaranteed. Works Cited Czinkota, Michael R., Ronkainen, Ilkka A. International Market. 8th Ed. 2007. London: Cengage Learning, Print. Porter, Michael E. Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance: with a New Introduction. New York: Free Press, 1998. Print. Watanabe, Ryo. Overview of the Public Transport System and Policy in Japan. 2-3 Mar. 2005. Web. https://www.itf-oecd.org/.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This research paper on Porter’s 5 Forces for Car2go Project in Osaka, Japan was written and submitted by user Cayson Nolan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Syntax

Syntax Introduction to semantic roles Semantic roles are parts that participants play in certain circumstances (Dang Palmer, 2005, p.42). They express the relationship that a constituent has with the rest of the clause. The main verbs in a clause are normally responsible for expressing this relationship. Semantic roles include; agents, patients, location, instruments, causer, experiencer, theme, benefactee, source, and goal (2005, p.43).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Syntax-Semantic Roles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An agent is the participant that the verb describes as doing or intentionally causing something (Gildea Jurafsky, 2002,p.249). Kim ate the food hurriedly. The boy hit the wall. In the sentences above, Kim and the boy are the agents. Kim does the act of eating while the boy intentionally hits the wall. The causer, on the other hand, is the participant that the verb identifies as causing someth ing but not intentionally (Gildea Jurafsky, 2002,p.250). In the examples shown below, the stone does not have any intention to destroy the house; neither does the fire in burning the crops. The stone destroyed the house.Advertising Looking for critical writing on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The fire burnt the crops. According to Gildea and Jurafsky (2002, p.250), the instrument is the medium which the agent uses to carry out the action the predicator denotes. The bat in the sentence below is the instrument. Humphrey hit the ball with a bat. The experiencer is the participant who is aware of something or experiencing something. This participant is normally animate and unintentionally perceives sensory stimuli or state of mind (Gildea Jurafsky, 2002, p.251). The student felt uncomfortable in church. The student unintentionally feels bad while in church. The patient is the participant to whom an actio n happens (Gildea, Jurafsky, 2002,p.249). The action that the verb denotes affects the patient. In the sentence â€Å"The boy hit the ball,† The ball is the patient because the action of hitting affects it directly.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Syntax-Semantic Roles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Gildea and Jurafsky (2002, p.249) define a theme as the participant whom the verb describes as being dynamic or in a state or position. â€Å"Post† is the theme in this sentence. The post rolled into the river. The Recipient is an endpoint of the act of transferring an item (Gildea Jurafsky, 2002, p.249). John is the recipient in this sentence. He receives a letter from Amos. Amos sent a letter to John. The Benefactee is the participant who benefits from the results of an action (Gildea Jurafsky, 2002, p.249). John is a benefactee in this sentence. John benefits from the act of buying the sh irt. I bought a nice shirt for John. Location is normally a noun phrase that specifies the position of an item (Gildea Jurafsky, 2002,p.250). A location verb normally accompanies the agent in specifying this position. In the sentence, â€Å"Jim put his books on the table.† â€Å"Put† is the verb of location while the table is the location.Advertising Looking for critical writing on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The source is the participant from which motion originates. It is, therefore, the starting point of a movement or action (Gildea Jurafsky, 2002, p.250). When someone says, â€Å"We expect to get a loan from the bank.† Then â€Å"the bank† becomes the source in this sentence. Gildea and Jurafsky (2002, p.249) define the goal as the destination or the end point of a movement or an action. The bank is the goal in the sentence below since the participants direct their action towards the bank. We took the director to the bank to withdraw money for the salaries. Semantic roles and Passive constructions The GB theory argues that there is a similarity in both active and passive constructions (Black, 1999, p.29). According to this theory, the semantic roles of the lexicons in the sentence can help bring out these similarities in active and passive constructions. This means every constituent has a semantic role and an extra role for the subject (1999, p.30). The theory further observes that some verbs do not give a semantic role to the position of the subject. The GB theory also proposes that forms that relate to each other share a sub categorization frame and, therefore, there ought not to be cross linking of semantic roles and syntactic categories. This means that it is a crime to assign the theme to both the subject and the object in entries that relate to each other (1999). Black (1999, p.30) argues that the theme is always the direct object while the indirect object is always the recipient. Another assumption allows an item to move out of a position but forbids the replacement of another item in that position (Black, 1999, p.30). This, therefore, means, the semantic role remains in its former position and does not move with the outgoing phrase. The semantic role is, therefore, a constituent of the lexical sub categorization (1999, p.30). This theory forbids an element from moving into a position that relates to a semantic role because it makes the ne w occupant of the position take over that role, thus changing the linking that was originally there. The proponent of the GB theory agrees with earlier theorists that only transitive verbs have passive forms (Black, 1999, p.31). Therefore, no lexical rule can generate a passive form from intransitive verbs. Lexical rules normally help in illustrating generalizations such as this one about the relationship between passive forms and transitive verbs. In a sentence like; John was invited to the party by Jane, a rule like this one below can help illustrate the generalizations. V [+pass], [_ NP X (PP [to]) (PP[by]) ] Theme Goal Agent Sometimes, there is the need for interchanging the subject and object positions. This is possible especially when the subject position has no semantic role at the D-structure and has no lexicon to fill it (Black, 1999, p.32). This agrees with the Principle of No Loss of Information. Normally, a trace remains behind to retain the link between the object and t he related semantic role (1999, p.32). Unaccusative Clauses There is the need to distinguish between categories of intransitive verbs. To do this, it is important to determine whether the noun phrase in the position of the subject does the action or the action affects it (Black, 1999, p.32). John feels good. Jean collapsed. The plate broke. John broke the handle. In the first example above, feels is an ordinary intransitive verb whose subject, John, is an Agent. On the other hand, John just collapsed. He did not do anything to make himself collapse. Therefore, in the second example, the subject has the role of the theme. In the third and fourth examples, the breaking affects â€Å"the plate† and â€Å"the handle†. â€Å"The plate† and â€Å"the handle† take the theme role. In the third example, the action is unaccusative while, in the fourth, it is transitive. The verb â€Å"Feels† has an Agent in the position of the subject, while â€Å"collapseà ¢â‚¬  has nothing in this position but has a theme object and â€Å"break† has an agent that is optional. Raising constructions This category involves verbs that have a finite or non-finite complement, but do not give semantic roles to their normative positions (Black, 1999). Raising verbs include likely and seem (1999, p.33). The use of the pronoun â€Å"it† shows the lack of semantic roles especially in cases when a complement that is finite is in use. In cases where a complement that is non-finite is present, the subject of the dependent clause takes the position of the independent clause. Conclusion The most important part of this topic is the meaning of the various semantic roles; agent, source, goal, theme etc. The other thing is to know the rules that guide the movement of lexical items from one position to the other. It is important to know that there should be no cross linking of semantic roles and syntactic categories in related forms. This topic also stress es that an item is free to move out of a position, but the position should not be filled by another item. This helps avert the problem of altering the semantic role of that position. The semantic roles discussed should be used to bring out the similarities between active and passive constructions. This work also reveals that the noun phrase occupying the subject position does not have to be doing an action. Sometimes the action of the verb affects it. The NP can, therefore, be an agent or the theme. References Black, C. A. (1999). A step-by-step introduction to the Government and Binding theory of syntax. Summer Institute of Linguistics-Mexico Branch and University of North Dakota. www. sil. Org/americas/mexico/ling/E002-IntroGB. Pdf. Dang, H. T., Palmer, M. (2005, June). The role of semantic roles in disambiguating verb senses. In Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics (pp. 42-49). Association for Computational Linguistics. Gildea, D., Jurafsky, D. (2002). Automatic labeling of semantic roles. Computational linguistics, 28(3), 245-288.

Discussion 2 Week 1 Impact of Financial Concepts Assignment

Discussion 2 Week 1 Impact of Financial Concepts - Assignment Example This means you would be responsible for paying taxes on money that you may not have even received yet. On the flipside, expenses can be incurred before you actually pay them out – meaning you can reduce your tax liability before paying out. This is at the core of finance. The time value of money tells you that $1 today is worth more than $1 tomorrow. The reason is because you can invest that $1 today and have it be worth more tomorrow. What does this mean for your business? You want to hold onto your money as long as possible and receive money as quickly as possible. You can do this by paying your bills right before they are due and finding ways to have your customers pay you as soon as possible. Keep in mind this ignores other psychological factors like your vendors being happy if you always pay them immediately (which could lead to more flexible payment terms or even discounts). The more risk you take, the more return you should expect. If given two options with the same return, you should always choose the option that has the least amount of risk. Likewise if given two options with the same level of risk, you should always choose the option that has the highest return. Opportunity cost is the cost associated with choosing one option and forgoing another. For example, a high school graduate has the option of going to college or working full time. If she chooses college, the cost of her decision isnt just the cost of tuition and books, but the money she is missing out on by not working fulltime for four years while she is in school. If she chooses to work full time, the opportunity cost is the amount of money she would have made (in excess of her regular pay) for having a college degree for the rest of her life. So lets say she can make $10/hr without a college degree, or $15/hr with a college degree. She needs to take into account the $5/hr she will lose out on for the rest of her life by not going to college now. There are also

One of the significant characteristics of Australian Indigenous Essay

One of the significant characteristics of Australian Indigenous worldviews is a specific relationship to land or 'country' - Essay Example (Social Health†¦ 2004) These factors working as cushion during stressful circumstances provide a kind of protection when adversity falls on them. It helps restore social and emotional wellbeing of an individual at all levels. Languages and Country Aborigines identify themselves through their lands, languages and their relationships with others. At the time when European arrived, there were almost 600 groups around the continent with distinct beliefs and cultures. They had their country boundaries spread from lush green areas to stark desert surroundings. Depending upon the environment and their requirement they developed different skills with specific experience. Hundreds of dialects and languages existed during arrival of Europeans, though many of them are now extinct. The Indigenous cultures of Australia are considered one of the oldest dating back to around 50,000 years. The reason for the survival of aboriginal cultures lies in its adaptability to change over time. The attac hment to their surroundings is the prime reason for their survival for thousands of years. They keep their cultural heritage alive by passing it from one generation to another. Their cultural heritage speaks about their rituals, dance, hunting practices, their languages, their significant sites, and their spiritualism, which evolved in their land that they love very much. (Kohen 1995) Country is special for the well being of Australian aborigines. Land is simply not rocks or soil for them but the whole milieu is important to them in sustaining their existence and growth. Their land is also a cause for their spirituality. Aborigine Tom Dystra tells, "We cultivated our land, but in a way different from the white man. We endeavored to live the land; they seemed to live off it. I was taught to preserve, never to destroy.† (Australian Indigenous†¦) To have a clear grasp about social and emotional wellbeing, it is important to fathom the varied cultural dimensions of Australian aborigines. Aborigines love their land, their cultures and their whole set of traditions and that in totality constitute their life. It will be most appropriate to understand why and how the indigenous people get impacted by modern day science and technology, environmental disturbances. The story of Shelburne Bay in north-east Cape York Peninsula is worth exploring, in order to understand the love of Wuthathi people, the aborigines, for their land. Shelburne Bay is fortunate enough that it has not been much disturbed by active parabolic silica sand dune systems. Clean and warm waters constituted eight species of sea grass and an enviable space for dugongs and green turtles. Wuthathi people believed in managing their own land and fulfilling their community development aspirations. The formation of Wuthathi Land Trust and community ranger programs should be seen in that perspective. Shelburne Bay had been a cynosure of many eyes for a space base at Temple Bay besides having plans for a silica sand mine near Cape Granville. These and many other threats made Wuthathi natives to unite. In their support, as mentioned by Nursey-Bray (2004), were the Wilderness Society and the Australian Conservation Foundation and their joint efforts along with a strong campaign resulted

Shakespeares Twelfth Night | Analysis

Shakespeares Twelfth Night | Analysis William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night, is a rich comedy delving into the innate human desire for love. Shakespeare uses these characters merely as vessels for a larger insight into society as a whole. No person wants what they can truly have, but rather, what they cannot. Shakespeare conveys a cryptic portrayal of romance where his characters are masochists and shows how love can blind and act so impulsively to satisfy an innate need. By ending of the play with three weddings Shakes pear sends the comments that love has no boundaries. When the reader is first introduced to Duke Orinso, he is accounting the first time he laid eyes upon the lady Olivia. Through the use of language, the Duke speaks of a love that he wishes he could be full of and die away, â€Å"If music be the food of love, play on Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting The appetite may sicken, and so die† (Act I, I, 1-3). The Dukes case seems to be self indulgent, and gains enjoyment from being overdramatic. From the on set of the play, he gives off the impression that he knows he will never obtain the love of Olivia, but he enjoys wallowing in self pity, and encouraging others to be sympathetic to his situation as well. In a separate speech, the Duke refers to his desires for Olivia as â€Å"my desires, like fell and cruel hounds, Eer since pursue me (Act I, I, 20-24). It seems as though love or romance for him is a game, rather than an emotion to be taken seriously. Throughout the rest of the play, his pursuance of Olivia never ceases, an d at one point the even threatens to kill his own servant Cesario because of Olivia’s mistaken thinking that Cesario was the man she had just married. With that threat from the Duke, this comedy could have potentially been turned to tragedy. The Duke never once elaborates on the finer feelings for Olivia, he merely pines over her in a superficial way, and had Olivia given in to his persistence, the Duke would have gained a trophy wife, just someone pretty to look at. Only when Cesario revels himself as a woman, Viola, does the Duke show the capacity to love someone he has had a deeper relationship with than just looks. With this ends his masochistic ways of loving someone who will never love him back, but it says nothing for the sometimes transparent emotions the Duke has. Another character that falls deeply into a self satisfying love affair is Countess Olivia. Olivia is blinded by love she and ignores the evidence that points to Cesario as actually not being whom he says he is, and over looks the possibility that Cesario might be a female despite his lack of masculine features. Olivia justifies his feminine features as a eunuch and is will to fall in love with Cesario. Olivia decision to fall in love with a eunuch despite knowing she won’t be able to have children enforces shows how that she is willing to cross the boundaries of society for true love. She describes love as something that comes upon her unexpectedly and out of nowhere, â€Å"Not too fast; soft, soft unless the masters were the man. How now? Even so quickly may one catch the plague? (Act I, V .282 -284). Through the next few acts she schemes to obtain the love of Cesario, a measly servant rather than giving her love to the Duke or Sir Andrew to retain the power she has being the woman of the house. It is hard to take the character of Olivia seriously when we first find her in such despair that she doesn’t want to be seen by any man other than her servant Malvolio and her uncle, then in an instant she can turn to giving her love away to a younger, lower class servant that she barely knows. Shakespeare’s creativity of the foil between the sayings â€Å"loves is blind† and Sebastian’s mistaken disguise as being Cesario, Olivia disregards Sebastian comments about being a stranger ignoring him and insisting that he is the man she fell in love with â€Å"So comes it, lady, you have been mistook But nature to her bias drew in that. You would have been contracted to a maid Nor are you therein, by my life, deceived, You are betrothd both to a maid and man† Act (V, I, 2460). The feeling of true love is so strong with in Olivia that she is will to accept a complete stranger to fill him that gap that true love meant. When Viola raveled herself, the reaction of Olivia is very calm for she has married the disguise that she has fallen in love with. Olivia crosses the boundary of basic society values of getting to know some one before marry that person. In the end of the play, both Olivia and Orinso end up happy, but this is mainly because they marry the m an and woman versions of the same person. Viola who was only trying to find refuge from a shipwrecked, disguises herself as a young boy. Viola is left alone and must look to her own resourcefulness to secure her safety. Conceal me what I am, and be my aid/ for such disguise as haply shall become/ the form of my intent. I’ll serve this duke (Act I, II, 49-51). Violas disguise soon turns into a dilemma, while falling in love with Orsino; she innocently becomes the object of affection of Olivia, the woman she is suppose to help fall in love with Orsino. Orsino looks past the disguise of Cesario and falls in love with Viola regardless of her depictions. When Orsino learns that Cesario is really Viola his actions are surprising. Orsino gives no second thought to the fact that he has fallen in love with a woman while she was disguised as a man. Viola crosses the boundary deception in taking on a disguise to make the Duke fall in love with her. Maria and Sir Toby’s wedding at the end of the play was very surprising. Sir Toby who is a drunk and has a bit of noble blood falls in love With Olivia’s maid Maria. Sir Toby love for Maria is not because she is beautiful or very attractive but because of her cleverness in handling the hoax on Malvolio â€Å"I could marry this wench for this device.† Act (II, IV, 1208). Sir Toby is willing to cross to boundary of social class by marring Maria who happens to be beneath him in society. In conclusion in Twelfth Night Shakespeares commentary on love and romance is that most times it is transparent, that people have their own agendas for their feelings, whether it be beauty, power, or social advancement. None of these characters actually had the true feeling of love, but all were melodramatic and flailed around like they had found the loves of their lives, their missing half. The Bait, John Donne Analysis |The Passionate Shepherd to His Love, Marlowe Analysis The Bait, John Donne Analysis |The Passionate Shepherd to His Love, Marlowe Analysis In The Passionate Shepherd to His Love and The Bait the reader finds two contrasting images of the world. Marlowe paints the world as a utopian society withought any worries or dangers. The shepherd and the lover he is seeking in his quest have no responsibilities in life other than to enjoy life to it fullest. In describing the pleasures which the couple can enjoy in the countryside, Marlowe fails to include the manner in which the shepherd obtains those pleasures and omits any of the negative possibilities which may accompany them. The shepherd tells the female that they will sit upon the rocks/And see the shepherds feed their flocks (5/6), but he does not mention the responsibilities associated with owning flocks of sheep and protecting them from danger. The beds of roses (9) that the shepherd offers to his love will, more than likely, contain thorns and will be a rather uncomfortable place to lie . To obtain the gown made of the finest wool (13) is not an easy task for the shephe rd because he will need to shear a lamb which involves a great deal of hard work. The shepherds courtship in Marlowes poem is the impractical dream of a lover who wants to satisfy his desire without giving any thought to the responsibilities of life in the real world. Marlowe creates a pretty picture of the world, but it is far from the reality of the world lived in by a shepherd. While Marlowes poem takes place in an somewhat imaginary world, Donnes poem portrays a more cynical and realistic image of the world. The characters in Donnes poem live in a world filled with real dangers and the possibility of death. In describing the pleasures used to tempt the lover, Donne includes the negative side of those pleasures. The golden sands, and crystal brooks (3) which are offered may be beautiful, but they do contain silken lines, and silver hooks(4) which can be deadly. When Donne writes about letting others freeze with angling reeds,/and cut their legs with shells and weeds (17-18), it is clear that other fish are struggling and are in danger of getting harmed in their quest for love. Strangling snare, or windowy net( 20) is a further example of the real dangers present for the fish in Donnes portrayal of the world. The world in this poem is more practical than the world described in Marlowes poem; it gives thought to many of the real dangers in life. Donne creates a picture of the world that is actually close to the reality of a life lead by a fish being lured by bait. The concept of romance portrayed in the two poems differs a great deal. Marlowes poem expresses an overly optimistic view of romance. He presents romance as both beautiful and unselfish, and captures the bliss of a natural and undemanding love. The shepherd tells the lady that if she will only, Come live with me and be my Love (1), he will give her delight after delight. He promises that she will be dressed in the finest luxuries Fair lined slippers for the cold, With buckles of the purest gold (15/16) and will eat her meals from silver dishes (21). Never, in this poem, does Marlowe acknowledge any of the negative aspects that are hidden in his idea of romance. He fails to mention that he is not offering her marriage nor any suggestion that they will establish a future together. The concept of romance presented in this poem is one without any true commitment and offers only the pleasures of the moment. Marlowes view of romance captures the joys of a simple and uncomplicated romance t hat is free of obligation. Romantic love in Donnes poem is expressed as a more cynical experience. Although the first stanzas of the poem represent a romantic world, the remainder of the poem seems to be mocking the existence of such genuine romantic relationships. Donne seems to be warning men about the dangers of women and of falling in love. The imagery in Or treacherously poor fish beset/With strangling snare, or windowy net (19-20) illustrates a mans loss of his ability to move and be free in his search of romance. It further conveys the idea that perhaps a woman is not as totally wonderful as man may believe, and that it is the woman who is in control of the romance Each fish, which every channel hath,/Will amorously to thee swim,/Gladder to catch thee, than thou him (10-13). The concept of romanic love portrayed in this poem is one of warning regarding the commitments and dangers that romance can hold. Donnes view of romance clearly captures the difficulties and complications that can be involved in rom ance. The mood conveyed in these poems is distinctly different. Marlowes poem represents a mood that is carefree and light, and Donnes represents one that is dark and much more serious. In Marlowes poem, the pastoral scene creates an atmosphere of peace and tranquility. The blissful description of romance creates an enchanting feeling that makes the mood of the poem appear magical. The treasures the shepherd offers to his love appeal to the senses and are among the most beautiful and luxurious that nature hills and valleys, dale and field, and all that craggy mountains yield. (3/4) and man have to offer. The animated and cheerful vision that is created when the shepherd tells the woman that the shepherd swains shall dance and sing (25) if she will accept the gifts he offers conveys a mood that is enjoyable and merry. The happiness and promising mood of Marlowes poem is in direct contrast to the darker and dangerous mood of Donnes poem. In Donnes poem, the mood is dark and the characters exist in an environment that is full of uncertainty and laced with danger. The pastoral scene of Marlowes poem is replaced with the chaotic world of fish and bait together in the water. His skeptical description of romance creates a sense of caution which fills the poem with a mood of fear and apprehension. As the fish are completely captivated by the woman, they are willing to betray each other in order to gain her love. This willingness to betray each other plants an air of deceit into the mood of the poem. Fear of being captured Gladder to catch thee, than thou him (12) suggests a mood of anxiety in that the man wants to enjoy the bait, but does not want to be snared by it. The possibility of the fish being caught by the bait also introduces the probability of death to the poem and furthers its gloomy mood in that the fish freeze with angling reeds (17) or are unable to move due to the strangling snare, or windowy net (20). The d ark mood created in this poem is significantly different from the bright mood of Marlowes poem. My opinion that Donnes poem is written as a response to Marlowes poem is based on the significant differences present in the themes of the poets portrayals of the world, their views of romance, and the moods they set in their poems. Donnes realistic interpretation of the world is in direct contrast to the idealistic world portrayed by Marlowe. In Donnes poem, it is suggested that romance is not all joy and bliss, but is serious and can be perilous. Donnes troubled and dark poem was written in response to Marlows light and happy poem. These theme differences in the description of the world, the concept of romance, and the mood of the poems lead me to believe that Donnes poem was written as a response to the poem of Marlowe. This makes me feel that future poets will respond to both of theses poems with their own views.